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Pcog > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Greek word of drug

A

Pharmakon

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2
Q

Greek for study

A

Gnosis/gignosco

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3
Q

Study of drugs from natural sources

A

Pharmacogosy

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4
Q

Coined the term pharmacognosy in venia 1811

A

J.A Schimidt

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5
Q

Introduced pharmacognosy in his work

A

C.A Seydler

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6
Q

Written by C.A Seydler in 1815

A

Analecta Pharmacognostica

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7
Q

All information on medicines from natural sources

A

Plants
Animals
Microorganisms
Inorganic sources

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8
Q

Applied science that deals with living and natural things

A

Biologic

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9
Q

Applied science that deals with the pharmacological actions

A

Biochemical

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10
Q

Applied science that deals with where you can get it and how easy you can get it

A

Economic features of natural drugs and their constituents

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11
Q

Babylonians used

A

Clay tablets

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12
Q

Egyptians, discovered in the tomb of a mummy

A

Paper scrolls

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13
Q

Written by J.A Schmidt

A

Lehrbuch der materia medica

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14
Q

Poison that victimized Socrates

A

Coniine

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15
Q

Chichirica/madagascar periwnikle (chemotherapeutic agent)

A

Catharanthus roseus

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16
Q

Anti cancer drugs

A

Vincristine/vinca alkaloids

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17
Q

A plant that has hallucinogenic drug with mature leaves while young leaves have non hallucinogenic

A

Marijuana

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18
Q

Belief that objects, places and creatures possess a distinct spiritual essence

A

Animism

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19
Q

Egyptian (1500 bc)

A

Ebers papyrus

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20
Q

Father of medicine 460-377 BC

A

Hippocrates

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21
Q

Wrote de materia medica

A

Dioscorides 40-80 AD

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22
Q

De materia medica contains

A

600 medicinal plants

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23
Q

Who developed the most comprehensive scope and idea of pharmacognosy

A

Fluckiger

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24
Q

Pharmacognosy is a simultaneous application of various scientific disciplines with the object of acquiring knowledge of drugs from every point of view who quoted it?

A

Fluckiger

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25
Q

Applied pharmacognosy in biotechnology

A

Trease and evans

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26
Q

When was the new era of medicine?

A

1803

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27
Q

Isolation of morphine from opium was invented by

A

Friedrich serturner

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28
Q

When was strychnine discovered

A

1817

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29
Q

Scientific name of strychnine

A

Strychnos nux-vomica

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30
Q

Strychnine was invented by and what use?

A

Joseph caventou
Pierre joseph pelletier
Used as rodenticide

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31
Q

Year quinine is disovered

A

1820

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32
Q

Scientific name of quinine

A

Cinchona ledgeriana

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33
Q

Quinine was invented by? And its use

A

Friedlib ferdinand
Anti malaria

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34
Q

Caffeine was discovered when?

A

1820

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35
Q

Scientific of caffeine

A

Coffea arabica

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36
Q

Who discovered caffeine and its use

A

Friedlib ferdinand
CNS stimulant

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37
Q

When was nicotine discovered

A

1828

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38
Q

Scientific name of nicotine

A

Nicotiana tabacum

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39
Q

Invented nicotine

A

Wilhelm heinrich posselt

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40
Q

When was atropine dicovered

A

1833

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41
Q

Scientific name of atropine

A

Atropa belladonna

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42
Q

Who invented atropine and what is it used for

A

Rudolf broder and philipp geiger
Anti chollinergic

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43
Q

When was cocaine discovered

A

1855

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44
Q

Scientif name of cocaine

A

Erthyroxylum coca

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45
Q

Who discovered cocaine and whatare its uses

A

Albert nieman and a researcher of anesthetic properties of cocaine Carl koller
Stimulant, addictive alkaline

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46
Q

Cocaine was isolated by

A

Albert nieman

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47
Q

Broadterm referring to the study of plants by humans

A

Ethnobotany

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48
Q

Refers to the use of plants by humans as medicine

A

Ethnomedicine

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49
Q

Sum total of all non mainstream medical practices usually excluding so called western medicine

A

Traditional medicine

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50
Q

A book containing directions for the identificatio0n of samples and the preparation of compound medicines

A

Pharmacopeia

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51
Q

Active ingredients pharmacological properties constituents

A

USP

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52
Q

Excipients

A

NF

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53
Q

Study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as Drugs or new drugs

A

Drug biosynthesis/ biogenesis

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54
Q

Natural or Synthetic substance used in the treatment cure prevention or diagnosis of disease

A

Drug

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55
Q

Vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying

A

Crude drugs

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56
Q

Constituents that are extracted crystallized and purified for therapeutic use

A

Secondary plant substances

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57
Q

Induced both qualitative and quantitative changes same family same properties

A

Heredity

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58
Q

Commences from seeds and goes through several developmental events such as seedling maturing etc..

A

Ontogeny

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59
Q

Produces variations in secondary plant

A

Environment

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60
Q

Responsible for therapeutic effects

A

Active constitiuents

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61
Q

Mixtures of principles

A

Active constituents

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62
Q

No definite pharmacologic activity

A

Inert constituents

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63
Q

Inert constituents in plant s

A

Cellulose lignin suberin cutin starch albumin and coloring agent

64
Q

Inert constituents in animals

A

Keratin chitin musclefiber conncective tissure collagen glycogen

65
Q

Cellulose

A

Carbohydrate

66
Q

Starch

A

Glucosan

67
Q

Keratin

A

Protein

68
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucosan

69
Q

Alpha cells

A

Glucagon

70
Q

Beta cells

A

Insulin

71
Q

Process of separating a substance or constituent from a materix

A

Extraction

72
Q

Main product of extraction is callled

A

Extractives

73
Q

Solvent used for extraction

A

Menstruum

74
Q

Undissolved portion of the drug that remains after the extraction proxess

A

MARC

75
Q

Plants growing in their native countries

A

Indigenous

76
Q

Plants grown in a foreign land or in a locality other t han their native countries

A

Naturalized

77
Q

Introduced to the US from europe source of scopolamine (hyoscine)

A

Datura stramonium

78
Q

Chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity use in pharmaceutical drug

A

Natural Product

79
Q

Natural products can be

A

Entire organism
Part of an organism
Am extract or exudante of an organism
Isolated pure compounds

80
Q

Types of drugs derived from plants

A

Herbal drugs
Compunds isolated from nature
Nutraceuticals or functional foods

81
Q

T/f canola oil processed

A

True

82
Q

Olive oil healthier oil t/f

A

True

83
Q

Full cream non added t/f

A

True

84
Q

Fortified milk has added t/f

A

True (iron calcium etc)

85
Q

Preparation of crude drugs

A

Collection
Harvesting
Drying
Curing
Garbling
Packaging

86
Q

Need to be done with plants that have high moisture content

A

Drying

87
Q

Modified drying method
Enhance property of active constituent present

A

Curing

88
Q

Final step in the preparation of a crude drug. It consists of removal of extraneous matter such as dirt

A

Garbling

89
Q

Prevent quality of deteriorating

A

Packaging

90
Q

Better than hand labor

A

Mechanical means

91
Q

Packaging material of aloe

A

Goat skin

92
Q

Packaging material of colophony

A

Kerosene tins

93
Q

Packaging material of asafoetida

A

Well closed container

94
Q

Packaging material of senna vinca

A

Pressed and baled

95
Q

Prevent auto oxidation

A

Kerosene tins

96
Q

prevents exaporation of volatile oil

A

Well closed container

97
Q

Infant laxative

A

Senna

98
Q

Evaluation of crude drugs

A

Organoleptic
Microscopic
Biologic
Chemical
Physical

99
Q

Evaluation by means of the organs sense and includes the macroscopic appearance of the drug, its odor and taste, occasionally the sound snap of its fracture and the feel of the drug to touch,

A

Organoleptic

100
Q

Assays on living animals as well as an intact or excercised organs often indicate the strength of the drug or its preparations

A

Biologic

101
Q

Reactions after using reagents

A

Chemical

102
Q

Specific gravity refractive index density and boiling/ freezing point

A

Physical

103
Q

3 main types of biological assay methods

A

Toxic, symptomatic, tissue methods

104
Q

Test animals phenol coefficient measure of bactericidal activity

A

Mice

105
Q

Test animals for cardiovascular drugs

A

Turtles

106
Q

Standard animal because it has simmilar features of human skin test hypoglycemic agents
Insulin
Tubocurarine

A

Rabbits

107
Q

Corticotropin injection vassopresin

A

Rats

108
Q

Glucagon inj

A

Cat

109
Q

Oxytocin

A

Chicken

110
Q

pigeon

A

Digoxin

111
Q

Best method of determining the official potency

A

Chemical test

112
Q

Test for anthraquinone glycosides and result

A

Borntragers test
Result is pink-red color in the ammoniacal (lower layer)

113
Q

Saponin glycosides

A

Froth test
Honeycomb froth

114
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Liebermann-buchard test
Green color sterol
Kedde test (nitrobenzoic acid and cardenolide and bufadienolide)
Violet hydrolysis disappearance
Keller-killiani test
Reddish brown

115
Q

Cyanophore glycosides releases hydrocyanic acid HCN

A

Guignard test
-sodium picrate test
Red coloration

116
Q

Best method of determining the official potency

A

Color reaction test

117
Q

Test for cottonseed oil produces the red coloration

A

Halphens test

118
Q

Test for sesame oil produces red coloration

A

Baudouin test

119
Q

Test for vegetable oil

A

Sergers test

120
Q

Test for olive oil

A

Millons test pink coloration to dark red

121
Q

Best method of determining the official potency

A

Specific chemical tests

122
Q

Ergot -LSd

A

Van urks rgt test

123
Q

Tropane
-tropic acid
-atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine

A

Vitalis test purple coloration

124
Q

Test for purine bases

A

Murexide test pink coloration

125
Q

Test for gums
Prescence of tannins

A

Lead acetate test white precipitate

126
Q

Detection of purity of crude

A

Analytical pharmacognosy

127
Q

depends on the absence of foreign matter

A

Purity

128
Q

Sum total of characteristics that would make up a product

A

Quality

129
Q

Debasement of an article
-process of reducing the quality of the product/drug

A

Adulteration

130
Q

Sub standard

A

Inferiority

131
Q

Due to attack of micro organism

A

Spoilage

132
Q

Impairment in quality of drugs

A

Deterioration

133
Q

Addition of one article to another through ignorance

A

Admixture

134
Q

Intentional or deliberate kind of adluteration

A

Sophistication

135
Q

When an entirely different article is sold or used in place of one required

A

Substitution

136
Q

Modified shoot meant for production of seeds

A

Flower

137
Q

Clove

A

Flower buds

138
Q

Outermost whorl
Generally green

A

Calyx

139
Q

Second whorl
Either white or bright colored

A

Corolla

140
Q

Third circle
Female part

A

Gynoecium

141
Q

Fourth circle
Male part

A

Androecium

142
Q

Dried bark

A

Cinnamon

143
Q

Dried root bark

A

Sassafras

144
Q

Flat shape bark

A

Quillaia arjuna

145
Q

Curved shape bark

A

Wildcherry cassia

146
Q

Recurved shaped bark

A

Kurohi

147
Q

Channelled shape bark

A

Ashoka cinchona ledgeriana cassia

148
Q

Quill shaped bark

A

Cascara cinnamon

149
Q

Double quill shaped

A

Java cinnamon

150
Q

Compound quill shaped bark

A

Manmade quill cinnamon

151
Q

Bark has 3 layers t/f

A

True

152
Q

Phellum outer bark

A

Cork

153
Q

Phellogen produces cork cells

A

Cork-cambium

154
Q

Phelloderm

A

Secondary corte

155
Q

Tissues produced by cambium or inner side

A

Woods

Pcog (5 decks)

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