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BMSC 200 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemistry is

A

Study of life at molecular level
Application of the principles of Chemistry to explain biology
Common sets of reactions and principles that underlie all living organisms
Study of molecular logic of life

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2
Q

All organisms use

A

Building Blocks to create common categories of biomolecules

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3
Q

Foundations of life

A

Chemical
Energy
Genetic
Evolutionary

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4
Q

Chemical Foundations

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
nitrogen

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5
Q

All life forms are composed of

A

Carbon

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6
Q

What is the limiting regnant of the biosphere

A

Nitrogen because its availability limits growth of plants, limiting the amount of food we produce

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7
Q

Why is all life carbon based

A

It is extremely versatile in terms of the number and variety of chemical bonds that it can form.
Enables creation of a wide array of complex molecules

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8
Q

Why is carbon better than silicon

A

Carbon - Carbon bonds are stronger than silicon to silicon bonds (Carbons are more stable)
More energy released on combustion of carbon to carbon bonds (More energy from carbon based nutrients)
Combustion products of carbon (CO2) are more soluble and recyclable

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9
Q

For all biomolecules structure dictates?

A

Function

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10
Q

Conformation

A

Flexible spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecule (Can be changed without breaking bonds)

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11
Q

Configuration

A

Fixed Spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecule (Cannot be changed without breaking covalent bonds)

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12
Q

Types of Configuration

A

Double Bonds
Chiral Centers

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13
Q

Geocentric (cis-trans) Isomers

A

Have the same chemical formula but differ in the configuration of groups with respect to a non - rotating double bond

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14
Q

Cis

A

on this side (On the same side)

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15
Q

Trans

A

Across (Groups of opposite sides)

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16
Q

Chiral Carbon

A

Has four different substituents attached
These groups may be arranged in different ways in space yielding two stereoisomers in their configuration

17
Q

Construction

A

Biomolecules often constructed exclusively from one stereoisomer. For Example: Proteins are built entirely from L- Amino Acids

18
Q

Interactions

A

Interactions between biomolecules, as well as between biomolecules and small molecules are stereospecific

19
Q

Advantages of creating biomolecules are polymers

A

Simplicity, Recycling Diversity

20
Q

Simplicity

A

Simple and conserved reactions for synthesis and degradation

21
Q

Recycling

A

Biomolecules can be digested back to component building blocks which are reusable

22
Q

Diversity

A

Incredibly complex molecules can be generated

23
Q

4 Major classes of Biomolecules

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

24
Q

Proteins

A

Linear Polymers of Amino Acids
20 different Amino Acids
Amino Acids link together to form linear chains that fold into complex patterns with distinct biological activities

25
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Monosaccharides linked together to form linear or branched polymers
higher order Polysaccharides serve many important biological roles including structural, energy storage and cellular recognition

26
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Linear polymers of nucleotide blocks (5 building blocks for DNA and RNA)
Involved in all aspects of storage and utilization of genetic information

27
Q

Lipids

A

Lipids are aggregates of building blocks
Lipids serve in energy storage, formation of membranes and signalling

28
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Small
Rapid growth allows quick adaptation
Single Compartment, the nuclei which contains nucleic acid

29
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Large
Make up multicellular organisms
Membrane Bound Organelle
Differentiation of cells to unique and specialized cell types

30
Q

In Vitro

A

In glass (Studies in Lab)

31
Q

In Vivo

A

In the living organism

32
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

In any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant, altho the forms of the energy may change

33
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Tendency in nature is toward ever greater disorder: Total entropy of the universe is continually increasing

34
Q

Enthalpy (H)

A

Reflects the number and kinds of bonds

35
Q

Entropy (S)

A

Degree of Radomness

36
Q

Temperatues

A

In Degress Kelvin

37
Q

Formula of Free Energy

A

G = H - TS

38
Q

G > 0

A

Endergonic
Non Spontaneous Process
Needs Free energy to proceed

39
Q

G < 0

A

Exergonic
Spontaneous processs
Release of free energy

BMSC 200 (10 decks)

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