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SEM 1 Exercise Bioenergetics > Module 09 - Tissue Differences energy metoablism and enzymes. > Flashcards

Module 09 - Tissue Differences energy metoablism and enzymes. Flashcards

1
Q

_____ allows study of muscle fibres and the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on fibre composition

A

muscle biopsy

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2
Q

Dark fibres in microscopic slide are the ____ ___ fibres

A

slow twitch fibres (red)

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3
Q

Medium coloured fibres under microscope are ____ ____ fibres

A

Intermediate fibres

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4
Q

Lightest coloured fibres under microscope are ____ __ fibres

A

fast twitch fibres

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5
Q

Fibre hypertrophy

A

Individual fibres increase in their diameter

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6
Q

Is myosin structural and functional?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the two major subtypes of Myosin?

A

Heavy myosin & light myosin

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8
Q

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity

A

Low

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9
Q

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (Slow/fast) relative ATPase Max contraction velocity ?

A

Slow

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10
Q

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/force developed?

A

High

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11
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity ?

A

High

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12
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (Slow/fast) relative Max contraction velocity ?

A

Fast

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13
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/Force developed?

A

Low

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14
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity ?

A

High

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15
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (slow/fast) relative Max contraction velocity?

A

Fast

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16
Q

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/force developed ?

A

Low

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17
Q

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have what dominating energy pathway?

A

Oxidative

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18
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (type II) have what dominating energy pathway?

A

Oxidative glycolytic

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19
Q

Fast Twitch Fatigue-able (Type IIB) have what dominating energy pathway ?

A
  • ATP/CP

- Anaerobic Glycolysis (glycolytic)

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20
Q

What fibres are active in both low and high intensity exercise?

A

Slow twitch fibres (endurance fibres - always working)

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21
Q

What fibres are only active in intense activity?

A

Fast Twitch fibres

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22
Q

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

A

High

23
Q

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ___ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

A

Low

24
Q

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ____ contractile speed and Myosin ATPase

A

Slow (110 ms to reach peak tension)

25
Q

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ______ fibres per motor neuron

A

10-180

26
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have _____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

A

moderate

27
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have ___ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

A

High

28
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have ____ contractile speed and myosin ATPase

A

Fast

29
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have _____ fibres per motor neuron

A

300-800

30
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB) have _____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

A

Low

31
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB)

have ____ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

A

High

32
Q

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB) have ____ contractile speed and myosin ATPase

A

fast

33
Q

Determinants of fibre types (3)

A
  1. Genetics
  2. exercise training & inactivity
  3. Ageing
34
Q

Creatine Kinase is of what energy system?

A

Phosphate energy system

35
Q

microcompartimentisation of CK isozymes allows 2 factors

A
  1. Allows high [ATP/ADP] ratios where ATPases are found (muscle myosin)
  2. Allows low [ATP}/[ADP] in mitochondrial matrix to stimulate oxidative phosphorylation
36
Q

What are the two types of creatine kinase subunits possibly in the cytosol

A
  1. B (brain)
  2. M (muscle)

(mixing can make 3-> CK-MM, CK-BB, CK-MB)

37
Q

What is the main form of isozyme in the brain and smooth muscle?

A

CK-BB

38
Q

Skeletal muscle is 99% _____ isozyme

A

CK-MM

39
Q

Myocardium is 70% ____ isozyme

A

CK-MB

40
Q

Sarcomeric (sMtCK) mitochondrial CK is in _____ muscle

A

Striated (skeletal)

41
Q

Ubiquitous MtCK is in ____

A

Most tissues except skeletal muscle (brain, kidney, sperm)

42
Q

All 4 Hexokinase reactions catalyse ____

A

Hexose

43
Q

Hexokinase I-III are important in the ___

A

Brain

44
Q

Hexokinase IV is also called ______

A

Glucokinase

45
Q

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) has a very important role in ______ metabolism

A

Carbohydrate

46
Q

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) is NOT inhibited by its product, ______

A

glucose-6-phosphate

47
Q

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) are found where [glucose] levels are ____

A

High (liver, pancreas)

48
Q

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) can ONLY phosphorylate glucose if the concentration of this substrate is ____

A

High

49
Q

Are hexokinase I-III inhibited by their product?

A

Yes

50
Q

Which Hexokinase enzyme is the most prominent in all mammalian tissues?

A

Hexokinase I/A

51
Q

What Hexokinase enzyme is found in the muscle and heart?

A

Hexokinase II/B

52
Q

Where is Hexokinase II/B loacted?

A

In mitochondria (direct access to ATP)

53
Q

Which Hexokinase enzyme is only active when glusoce concentrations are really low?

A

Hexokinase III/C

SEM 1 Exercise Bioenergetics (7 decks)

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