Mods7 Flashcards
A _____ occurs wherever the bones meet.
Join (articulation)
Joints are classified ___ and ____.
structurally, functionally
______________ is based on the degree to which the joint permits movement.
Functional classification
Three types of Functional Classification in Joints
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
____ joint permits no movement. Structurally it may be a fibrous or cartilaginous joint.
synarthrosis
joint permits only slight movement. Structurally it may be a fibrous or cartilaginous joint.
Amphiarthrosis
_____ joint is a freely movable joint. Structurally, it is always a ________ joint.
diarthrosis
Synovial joint
____ is based on the materials that hold the joint together and whether or not a cavity is present in the joint.
Structural classification
Structural classification (3)
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
- held together by fibrous connective tissue
fibrous joints
No joint cavity is present
fibrous joints
_____ may be immovable or slightly movable.
fibrous joints
Held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage)
Cartilaginous joints
No joint cavity is present.
Cartilaginous joints
________ may be immovable or slightly movable.
Cartilaginous joints
Characterized by a synovial cavity (joint cavity) containing synovial fluid.
Synovial joints
are freely movable and characterize most joints of the body
Synovial joints
Features of synovial joint(6)
Articular cartilage
Joint(articular) cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial fluids
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and blood vessels
Articular cartilage
Glassy smooth hyaline cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces as _____.
Articular cartilage
These thin (1mm or less) but spongy cushions absorb compression placed on the joint…
Articular cartilage
The joint cavity is a feature that is unique to synovial joints.
Joint(articular) cartilage
It contains a small amount of synovial fluid. The joint cavity is a potential space because it is normally almost nonexistent, but can expand if fluid accumulates(as happens during inflammation)
Joint(articular) cartilage
The joint cavity is enclosed by a two-layered articular capsule or joint capsule.
Articular capsule
The tough external ____________ is composed of dense irregular connective tissue…
Joint(articular) cartilage
exact answer: fibrous layer
The inner layer of the joint capsule is a ________ composed of loose connective tissue.
Joint(articular) cartilage
exact answer: synovial membrane
Its function is to make synovial fluid.
synovial membrane
A small amount of slippery fluid occupies all free spaces within the joint capsule.
Synovial fluid
________ has a visious, egg white consistency (ovum = egg) due to hyaluronic acid secreted
Synovial fluid
It is also found within the articular cartilages, provides a slippery, weight-bearing film that reduces friction between the cartilages.
Synovial fluid
Without this lubricant, rubbing would wear awat joint surfaces and excessive friction could overheat and destroy the joint tissues.
Synovial fluid
Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a number of bandlike ligaments
Reinforcing ligaments
Mos often these are ______________ which are thickened parts of the fibrous layer.
Reinforcing ligaments (under)
exact answer: capsular ligaments
Synovial joints are richly supplied with sensory nerve fibers that innervate the capsule.
- some of the fibers detect pain.
- Synovial joints are richly supplied with blood vessels
nerves and blood vessels
Types of synovial joints (6)
Plane(gliding)
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar (condyloid)
Saddle
Ball and socket joints
Common disorders of the skeletal system may be categorized as disorders of the ____ or disorders of the ____.
bones
joints
is the branch of medicine that specializes in treating diseases and abnormalities of the skeletal system.
Orthopedics
Disorders of the bones(4)
Fractures
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Rickets
are broken bones
fractures
Examples/ subtypes of fractures (11)
Complete
Compound
Simple
Comminuted
Segmental
Spiral
Oblique
Transverse
Incomplete
Green Stick
fissured
the break is completely through the bone
complete
a broken bone pierces the skin
compound
a bone does not pierce the skin
simple
the bone is broken into several pieces
comminuted
only one piece is broken out
segmental
fracture line spirals around the bone
spiral
break angles across the bone
oblique
the break is at right angles to the long axis
transverse
the bone is not broken completely
incomplete
the break is only on one side of the bone, and the bone is bowed.
green stick
the break is lengthwise split in the bone
fissured
inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection
- treatable with antibiotics but not easily cured
osteomyelitis
weakening of bones due to the removal of calcium salts
- common in older persons
- more common on postmenopausal women bcs of lack of estrogen.
osteoporosis
_____ and ____ are often prescribed postmenopausal women to help prevent osteoporosis.
estrogen
calcium
a deficiency of calcium salts in the bones
rickets
Disorders of the joints (5)
arthritis
dislocation
herniated disk
Spinal curvatures
Sprains
characterized by inflammation, swelling(edema), and pain
arthritis
arthritis is the most painful and crippling type
rheumatoid arthritis
the most common type
-degenerative disease results from aging
Osteoarthritis
displacement of bones
dislocation
condition in which an invertebral disk
herniated disk
Spinal curvatures(3)
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
usually congenital disorders
spinal curvatures
abnormal lateral curature of the vertebral column
scoliosis
is an excessive thoracic curvature of the vertebral column
produces humpback
kyphosis
excessive lumbar curvature
- swayback condition
lordosis
tearing or excessive stretching
sprains
hip joint
ball and socket joints
between C1 and C2 vertebrae
pivot joint
elbow
hinge joint
between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone
saddle joint
between tarsal bones
plane joint
between radius and carpal bones of wrist
condyloid joint
S.A.D
Joint in the invertebral discs of vertebral column
amphiarthrosis
S.A.D
immovable joint
synarthrosis
S.A.D
joint between humerus and ulna
diarthrosis
S.A.D
joint between cranial bones
synarthrosis
S.A.D
freely movable joint
diarthrosis
F.C.S
all freely movable joints
synovial joint
F.C.S
include the hip, knee, and elbow joints
synovial joint
characterized by cartilage connecting the bony portions
cartilaginous joint
joint between teeth and sockets
fibrous joint
sutures are the most remembered examples
fibrous joint
knee joint
hinge joint
dens of axis/atlas joint
pivot joint
hip joint
ball and socket joint
between carpus and first metacarpal
saddle joint
between metacarpals and phalanges
condyloid joint
between tarsals
plane joint
