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Mods2 Flashcards

1
Q

The basic and smallest functional unit of all living things

A

cells

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2
Q

Cell interior is surrounded by?

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

The internal framework of cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Made of two tiny subunits of mostly ribosomal RNA, protein factories

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Made up of microfilaments and microtubules

A

Cytoskeleton

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8
Q

May attach to rough ER or lie free in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Manufacture enzymes and other proteins; often called protein factories

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

Provides support and movement of cells and organelles

A

Cytoskeleton

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10
Q

network of connecting sacs and canals

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

carries substances through the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

What are the types of Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

it collects, folds, and transports proteins made by ribosomes.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

It synthesizes chemicals, makes new membrane

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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11
Q

Group of flattened sacs near nucleus

A

Golgi Apparatus

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11
Q

Collects chemicals into vesicles that move from the smooth ER outward to the plasma membrane.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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12
Q

Called the chemical processing and packaging center

A

Golgi Apparatus

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13
Q

Composed of inner and outer membranous sacs

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

Involved with energy-releasing chemical reactions(cellular respiration)

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Each mitochondrion contains one DNA molecule

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

The power plant of the cell

A

Mitochondrion

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17
Q

substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

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17
Q

substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

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17
Q

substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

Each mitochondrion contains one DNA molecule

A
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17
Q

Containing digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Have protective function (eat microbes)

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Formerly thought to be responsible for apoptosis(programmed cell death)

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

What are the parts of the centrosome?

A

Microtubule, centrioles

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17
Q

Organizing region of the cytoskeleton near the nucleus

A

Microtubule

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17
Q

paired organelles that lie at right angles

A

centrioles

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17
Q

What are the three cell extensions?

A

Microvilli, Cilia, Flagella

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17
Q

Short extensions of the plasma membrane

A

Microvilli

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17
Q

hairlike extensions

A

cilia

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17
Q

act as “tails” of sperm cells

A

flagella

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17
Q

contains genetic code(genome)

A

nucleus

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17
Q

DNA molecules become tightly coiled chromosomes during cell division

A

nucleus

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17
Q

46 nuclear chromosomes contain DNA which contains genetic code

A

nucleus

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17
Q

Component structures include nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin granules.

A

nucleus

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17
Q

The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are usually separated by extracellular fluids

A

cell junctions

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17
Q

What are the types of cell junctions?

A

Desmosomes, tight junctions, and Gap Junctions

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17
Q

Protein attachments between adjacent cells

A

desmosomes

17
Q

inside the plasma membrane, it bears a disk-shaped structure

A

desmosomes

17
Q

act like spot welds to hold together tissues that undergo considerable stress(such as skin or heart muscle)

A

desmosomes

17
Q

are tightly stitched seams between cells, characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract

A

tight junctions

17
Q

junction completely encircles each cell preventing the movement of material..

A

tight junctions

17
Q

It lines the digestive tract

A

tight junctions

18
Q

narrow runnels between cells consist of proteins called connexons.

A

Gap junctions

19
Q

The proteins allow only the passage of ions and small molecules.

A

Gap junctions

20
Q

allows exchange of materials or the transmission of electrical impulses

A

Gap junctions

21
Q

How many different types of cell are there?(approximately..)

22
Q

These cells are organized into how many basic tissues?

A

four basic tissues

22
Q

What are the four basic tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissue

22
Q

Covers body and lines body cavities, packed closely together with little matrix

A

Epithelial tissue

23
Q

Epithelial tissue classified by shape of cells

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

24
Q

flat and scale like

25
Q

cubed-shape

26
Q

higher than they are wide

27
Q

varying shapes that can stretch

A

transitional

28
Q

Epithelial tissue Classification by the arrangement of cell into one or more layers

A

Simple epithelium, Stratified epithelium, Pseudostratified epithelium

29
Q

single layer of cells

A

simple epithelium

30
Q

multiple layers

A

stratified epithelium

31
Q

single layer, different sizes

A

pseudostratified epithelium

31
Q

a single layer of scale-like cells for transport

A

Simple squamous

32
Q

closely packed cells, for protection

A

stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

tall column-like cells, single layer, for absorption

A

Simple columnar epithelium

34
Q

10 layers of roughly cuboidal cells, found in body areas that stretch, such as urinary bladder

A

stratified transitional epithelium

35
Q

single layer of distorted columnar cells

A

pseudostratified epithelium

36
Q

single layer of cubelike cells

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

37
Q

most abundant, widely distributed

A

connective tissue

38
Q

fibrous glue(fascia) that holds organs together, collagenous

A

areolar(loose connective) tissue

39
Q

lipid storage, metabolism regulation, brown fat produces heat

A

adipose(fat) tissue

40
Q

net of collagen fibers, in bone marrow

A

reticular tissue

41
Q

bundles of strong collagen fibers, tendon

A

dense fibrous tissue

41
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

42
Q

matrix is calcified, support and protection

A

bone tissue

42
Q

matrix is consistency of a gristle-like gel, chondrocyte is cell type

A

cartilage tissue

42
Q

matrix is fluid, function: transportation and protein

A

blood tissue

42
Q

bundles of strong collagen fibers, example tendon

A

dense fibrous tissue

43
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle tissue

44
Q

Attaches to the bones; also called striated voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

45
Q

striated involuntary, composes heart wall, cannot control contractions, with intercalated disc

A

cardiac muscle tissue

46
Q

nonstriated(viscera) or involuntary, no cross striations, found in blood vessels and other tube-shaped organs

A

smooth muscle tissue

47
Q

Rapid communication between body structures(under nervous tissue)

48
Q

What are the types of neurons?

A

axon, dendrites

49
Q

conduction cells

50
Q

(one) carries impulse away from the cell body

51
Q

(one or more) carry nerve impulses toward the cell body

52
Q

supportive and connective cells

A

Glia(neuroglia)

53
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

53
Q

What are the parts of the centrosome?

A

Microtubule, centrioles

53
Q

These cells are organized into how many basic tissues?

A

four basic tissues

53
Q

The outer boundary of the cell, is composed of a layered membrane of phospholipids and proteins, permeable

A

plasma membrane

54
Q

What is assembled to form organs?

55
Q

protein factories in the cell, made up of RNA

56
Q

tubelike passages that carry substances through the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

57
Q

Chemically process and package substances from the endoplasmic reticulum

A

golgi apparatus

58
Q

bags of digestive enzymes in the cell

59
Q

used to propel sperm cells

60
Q

directs protein synthesis, the brain of the cell

61
Q

Small structure in the nucleus; helps in the formation of ribosomes

62
Q

forms outer boundary of the cell; selectively permeable

A

plasma membrane

63
Q

Found beneath the dermis described as a loose layer of skin rich in fat and areolar tissue

A

hypodermis

64
Q

forms as interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels; the fluid contains WBCs, which bathes and nourishes the tissues of the body

65
Q

large muscles responsible for body movement

A

skeletal muscle

66
Q

found only in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

67
Q

found in walls of hollow, contracting organs

A

smooth muscle

Body (8 decks)

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