Modern Theories of Management

Question 1

It recognizes that all business situations are different. Each event comes with its own set of problems, challenges, and internal and external environmental factors.

Answer 1

Contingency Perspective

Question 2

The _______________ looks at all components of an organization to see how they interact and to create one larger system.

Answer 2

Systems Approach

Question 3

In this approach, we look at all the components of an organization as part of one larger system.

Answer 3

Systems Approach

Question 4

The ________________ proved that meeting social needs of workers could enhance the workplace and positively impact productivity.

Answer 4

Human Relations Approach

Question 5

The ______________ to management focused on efficiency of movement, stating that a properly designed job would motivate an employee to be more productive.

Answer 5

Scientific Approach

Question 6

A supra system that includes:

• knowledge
• techniques
• facilities
• equipment

Answer 6

Technical System

Question 7

The _______________ focused on hierarchical structures and clear designations of authority.

Answer 7

Bureaucratic Approach

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE

Once technology and the social needs of employees formed a new equilibrium, productivity will be restored.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The ____________ is solely reliant on statistics and data. Generally, each part of an organization needs people to use this approach in order to perform managerial functions.

Answer 9

Quantitative Approach

Question 10

The ________________ to management sought to find an equal balance between the extremely impersonal Scientific Approach and the individually-focused Human Relations Approach.

Answer 10

Systems Approach

Question 11

The ________ also looks at the interaction between the social aspect of business and technological changes.

Answer 11

Systems Aprroach

Question 12

It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Predication becomes impossible.

Answer 12

Chaos Theory

Question 13

Outcomes are based on the threat of loss, and this system is driven by fear and love.

Answer 13

Threat systems

Question 14

A supra system that includes:

• culture
• philosophy
• overall goals
• group goals
• individual goals

Answer 14

Goals and Values System

Question 15

5 Macro-Environmental Factors or Contingencies

Answer 15

1. Changes in technology
2. Demographic shifts
3. Economic conditions
4. Cultural factors
5. Government and legislation

Question 16

There is an integration of utility functions, which results in the situation of “what you want, I want.”

Answer 16

Integrative or love systems

Question 17

A supra system that includes:

• tasks
• work flow
• work groups
• authority
• information flow
• procedures
• rules

Answer 17

Structural System

Question 18

A supra system that includes:

• goal setting
• planning
• assembling resources
• organizing
• implementing
• controlling

Answer 18

Managerial System

Question 19

Companies that operate in uncertain environments are more successful with a _________ approach to management, while companies in a more stable environment do better with a more _________ and structured management style of operations.

Answer 19

flexible

rigid

Question 20

The ______________ builds upon the Systems Approach yet recognizes that there are numerous factors that may impact an organization’s performance.

Answer 20

Contingency Perspective

Question 21

3 Views of Management

Answer 21

Mechanistic
Economic
Organism

Question 22

The ________________ recognizes that all business situations are different and can have many internal and external factors that may impact outcomes.

Answer 22

Contingency Perspective

Question 23

This system is also driven by fear and love, where we express our passions and compassion for others.

Answer 23

Integrative or love systems

Question 24

___________ premise is that any system can exist without any specific direction or predictability.

Answer 24

Chaos Theory

Question 25

Each _______ can be viewed as its own entity to see how it fits into the entire organization and to determine the role it plays in the larger system.

Answer 25

sub-system

Question 26

The _________ relies on all components, or sub-systems, to work in harmony and coordination in order to ensure the success of the larger system.

Answer 26

Systems Approach

Question 27

This approach also looks at other theories that claim to be the defining management approach with skepticism. The claim is that there is no one best way to manage.

Answer 27

Contingency Perspective

Question 28

This approach is centered on statistics and mathematical techniques.

Answer 28

Quantitative Approach

Question 29

The ________________ identified five functions for conducting all of life’s activities. These functions are:

• planning
• organizing
• commanding
• coordinating
• controlling

Answer 29

Administrative Approach

Question 30

These changes in the ________ cause a ripple effect that impacts the entire system.

Answer 30

sub-systems

Question 31

5 Parts of the Supra System

Answer 31

1. Technical System
2. Structural System
3. Psycho-Social System
4. Goals and Values System
5. Managerial System

Question 32

The _______________ states that the flapping of a butterfly’s wings in one part of the world could have a dramatic impact on the weather somewhere else. In other words, one small action in one place can greatly impact conditions elsewhere. Similarly, a small change in a system, while considered minor, could potentially have a significant effect on the system itself.

Answer 32

Butterfly Effect

Question 33

________________ states that any system can exist without any specific direction or predictability. A small change in one situation can have a significant impact elsewhere in an organization or system.

Answer 33

Chaos Theory

Question 34

Activity is organized through the marketing function, and this system is driven by self-interest.

Answer 34

Exchange systems

Question 35

A supra system that includes:

• attitudes
• perceptions
• motivation
• interpersonal relations
• group dynamics
• communication
• leadership

Answer 35

Psycho-Social System

Question 36

_________________ has changed the way managers look at their jobs. Advancements and refinements in management theory and practice have enabled managers and managerial systems to evolve.

Answer 36

Modern management theory