Modern Theories of Management Flashcards
It recognizes that all business situations are different. Each event comes with its own set of problems, challenges, and internal and external environmental factors.
Contingency Perspective
The _______________ looks at all components of an organization to see how they interact and to create one larger system.
Systems Approach
In this approach, we look at all the components of an organization as part of one larger system.
Systems Approach
The ________________ proved that meeting social needs of workers could enhance the workplace and positively impact productivity.
Human Relations Approach
The ______________ to management focused on efficiency of movement, stating that a properly designed job would motivate an employee to be more productive.
Scientific Approach
A supra system that includes:
- knowledge
- techniques
- facilities
- equipment
Technical System
The _______________ focused on hierarchical structures and clear designations of authority.
Bureaucratic Approach
TRUE or FALSE
Once technology and the social needs of employees formed a new equilibrium, productivity will be restored.
True
The ____________ is solely reliant on statistics and data. Generally, each part of an organization needs people to use this approach in order to perform managerial functions.
Quantitative Approach
The ________________ to management sought to find an equal balance between the extremely impersonal Scientific Approach and the individually-focused Human Relations Approach.
Systems Approach
The ________ also looks at the interaction between the social aspect of business and technological changes.
Systems Aprroach
It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Predication becomes impossible.
Chaos Theory
Outcomes are based on the threat of loss, and this system is driven by fear and love.
Threat systems
A supra system that includes:
- culture
- philosophy
- overall goals
- group goals
- individual goals
Goals and Values System
5 Macro-Environmental Factors or Contingencies
- Changes in technology
- Demographic shifts
- Economic conditions
- Cultural factors
- Government and legislation
There is an integration of utility functions, which results in the situation of “what you want, I want.”
Integrative or love systems
A supra system that includes:
- tasks
- work flow
- work groups
- authority
- information flow
- procedures
- rules
Structural System
A supra system that includes:
- goal setting
- planning
- assembling resources
- organizing
- implementing
- controlling
Managerial System
Companies that operate in uncertain environments are more successful with a _________ approach to management, while companies in a more stable environment do better with a more _________ and structured management style of operations.
flexible
rigid
The ______________ builds upon the Systems Approach yet recognizes that there are numerous factors that may impact an organization’s performance.
Contingency Perspective
3 Views of Management
Mechanistic
Economic
Organism
The ________________ recognizes that all business situations are different and can have many internal and external factors that may impact outcomes.
Contingency Perspective
This system is also driven by fear and love, where we express our passions and compassion for others.
Integrative or love systems
___________ premise is that any system can exist without any specific direction or predictability.
Chaos Theory
Each _______ can be viewed as its own entity to see how it fits into the entire organization and to determine the role it plays in the larger system.
sub-system
The _________ relies on all components, or sub-systems, to work in harmony and coordination in order to ensure the success of the larger system.
Systems Approach
This approach also looks at other theories that claim to be the defining management approach with skepticism. The claim is that there is no one best way to manage.
Contingency Perspective
This approach is centered on statistics and mathematical techniques.
Quantitative Approach
The ________________ identified five functions for conducting all of life’s activities. These functions are:
- planning
- organizing
- commanding
- coordinating
- controlling
Administrative Approach
These changes in the ________ cause a ripple effect that impacts the entire system.
sub-systems
5 Parts of the Supra System
- Technical System
- Structural System
- Psycho-Social System
- Goals and Values System
- Managerial System
The _______________ states that the flapping of a butterfly’s wings in one part of the world could have a dramatic impact on the weather somewhere else. In other words, one small action in one place can greatly impact conditions elsewhere. Similarly, a small change in a system, while considered minor, could potentially have a significant effect on the system itself.
Butterfly Effect
________________ states that any system can exist without any specific direction or predictability. A small change in one situation can have a significant impact elsewhere in an organization or system.
Chaos Theory
Activity is organized through the marketing function, and this system is driven by self-interest.
Exchange systems
A supra system that includes:
- attitudes
- perceptions
- motivation
- interpersonal relations
- group dynamics
- communication
- leadership
Psycho-Social System
_________________ has changed the way managers look at their jobs. Advancements and refinements in management theory and practice have enabled managers and managerial systems to evolve.
Modern management theory
