Modern Period Flashcards
1900-PRESENT: what crime are common?
- CYBER CRIME (change)
- MURDER (continuity)
- PETTY THEFT (continuity)
- HATE CRIME (change)
- TERRORISM (change)
- CAR THEFT (change)
1900-PRESENT: what punishments are common?
- FINES (continuity)
- PRISON (continuity)
- OPEN PRISON (change)
- TAGGING (change)
- ASBO (change)
FOCUS ON REFORM
1900-PRESENT: how did police numbers and organisation of the force change?
BEFORE
- all forces ran differently
- Little co-operation between forces
NOW
- 43 local forces instead of 200
- Trained specialist officers
1900-PRESENT: how did training and recruitment change in policing?
BEFORE
- Military drill
- All male officers
- Low quality and poorly paid officers
NOW
- 14 weeks training
- 28% are women
- Specialist training
1900-PRESENT: how did transport change in policing?
BEFORE
- walked a beat of up to 20 miles a day
NOW
- Cars and motorbikes
- Foot and bike patrols to build community relations
1900-PRESENT: how did equipment change in policing?
BEFORE
- A whistle to call for help
- Wooden truncheons
- Pistols locked up for emergencies
NOW
- Batons and pepper spray
- Specialist officers
- Some can carry firearms
1900-PRESENT: how did crime detection change in policing?
BEFORE
- Eyes and ears of the officer
- Witness statements
NOW
- CCTV and number plate recognition
- 999 emergency number
1900-PRESENT: how has record keeping changed in policing?
BEFORE
- was poor and there was no national record
NOW
- Police national computer
1900-PRESENT: how have the main duties of officers changed in policing?
BEFORE
- Dealing with crime and drunkenness
NOW
- Law breaking, missing persons, keeping order etc.
1900-PRESENT: how has society changed in the c20th?
- Britain developed into a MULTICULTURAL and EQUAL society
- As ATTITUDES CHANGED laws were needed to ensure that all people were treated fairly so…
–> things were DECRIMINALISED e.g. 1977- male homosexuality over 21 2005- severe sentences for hate crime 1967- decriminalised abortion
1900-PRESENT: what crimes were new?
RACE CRIME
- 1968 race relations act
- 2005 criminal justice act
- 2006 race and religious hatred act
- Gave more power to the courts to give a harsher sentence
DRUG CRIME
- 1971 misuse of drugs act
- Taking/supplying = illegal
- controversial
- Some argue that it is a personal choice but some ague that it is wrong
DRIVING OFFENCES
- New due to increased numbers of cars
- technological advances
- driving under the influence and speeding
1900-PRESENT: what were the major changes in policing?
- Mostly about PREVENTION as well as catching criminals
- MOTORISED TRANSPORT means crimes can be reached FASTER but it also means there are FEWER officers ON THE STREETS
- There are now ARMED OFFICERS who look like soldiers which NOT EVERYONE LIKES
- The modern force includes WOMEN and ETHNIC MINORITIES
- In 2002 PCSO’S were introduced to prevent crime in the community
- Advances in SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY have had an impact on crime prevention and prosecution
1900-PRESENT: what are the aims of the neighbourhood watch?
- REDUCE FEAR of crime by increasing COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
- HELP police PREVENT crime
- REPORT crime TRENDS to the police
1900-PRESENT: what was the neighbour hood watch?
- A form of COMMUNITY POLICING
- it was set up by THATCHER and the Tory government as they wanted to INCREASE the ROLE of the INDIVIDUAL and REDUCE the role of the GOVERNMENT
- This concept was VOLUNTARY and was taken from the USA was believed to be effective in TACKLING CRIME
1900-PRESENT: what are the positive views on the neighbourhood watch?
- Encourages people to take an ACTIVE PART in making the community SAFER
- The police RELY on local cooperation and they CAN’T POLICE EFFECTIVELY with the SUPPORT of the COMMUNITY
- Makes people FEEL SAFER and less vulnerable
- Works well for tackling issues such as anti-social behaviour