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History : C+P > Medieval Period > Flashcards

Medieval Period Flashcards

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1
Q

How long is the is the medieval period?

A

1000 (c11th) - 1500 (c16th)

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2
Q

What were common types of crime in medieval England?

A
  • Petty theft
  • Violence
  • Murder
  • Rebelling
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3
Q

What were common methods of policing in medieval England?

A
  • Tithings
  • Hue and cry
  • Sheriffs
  • Parish constables
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4
Q

What were common methods of punishment in medieval England?

A
  • Fines / Murdrum fine
  • Execution
  • Stocks and pillories
  • Mutilation
  • Wergild
  • Flogging
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5
Q

What was the aim of punishment in medieval England?

A

Retribution and deterrence

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6
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what were tithings?

A
  • 10 men over 12

- They were responsible for each other and their behaviour

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7
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what was the Hue and cry?

A
  • Calling for help in catching a criminal

- All villagers had to join the chase

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8
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what was trial by jury?

A

men from the village who knew the accuser and the accused and decided who was telling the truth

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9
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what was the wergild?

A

fine (the amount varied)

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10
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what did the laws did Normans change?

A
  • They brought in the Murdrum fine
  • -> a fine which the region paid for killing a norman
  • Introduced Forest laws
  • -> made it illegal to hunt and forage in areas
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11
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: how did Norman laws reflect on women?

A

They were harsher as legally, they were nearly equal in the Saxon times

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12
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what trial did the Normans introduce?

A

Trial by combat –> the winner was innocent

Church courts –> for church men and were often lenient

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13
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: did the Normans change the official language of the courts?

A

Yes.

They changed it to Norman- french and and the records were written in Latin

–> this excluded the Saxons as they couldn’t even understand their own legal system

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14
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: during the Norman era who were fines paid to?

A

They were now paid to the king when before they were paid to the victim

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15
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what did the Normans mostly keep the same?

A
  • The majority of the laws

- capital punishment

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16
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: did the Forest laws actually make a difference?

A

No not really.

  • people continued to hunt in the forests despite it being illegal
  • People thought they were unfair
17
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what policing methods were there in Norman England?

A
  • THE PARISH CONSTABLE–> they led the Hue and cry
  • THE SHERIFF AND THE POSSE –> they tracked down and imprisoned criminals
  • THE CORONER–> they enquired into all unnatural deaths
18
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what trials were there in Norman England?

A
  • SANCTUARY –> when it was reached a criminal could not be removed and they had 40 days to either stand trial or leave the country
  • ROYAL COURTS –> royal judges visited counties 4 x a year for the most serious crimes (started 1160’s)
  • QUARTER SESSIONS–> JP’s held courts 4 x a year to take some work off of royal courts
  • JUSTICES OF THE PEACE –> The gentry and noblemen who acted as judges
  • PRIVATE/MANOR COURTS–> held by landowners and dealt with workers not doing enough
19
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: how could you avoid the death penalty?

A
  • Claim BENEFIT OF THE CLERGY
  • Become a KINGS APPROVER
  • Join the ARMY
  • BUY a PARDON from the king
  • Don’t get caught
  • Be PREGNANT
  • Claim SANCTUARY
20
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what was a king’s approver?

A

Your life would be saved if you accused 10 people of crimes and they were found guilty

21
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: how did the church influence justice?

A
  • CHURCH COURTS
  • Trial by ORDEAL
  • Put the FEAR OF GOD into people
  • BENEFIT of the CLERGY
  • INFLUENCE on MORALITY
  • SANCTUARY
22
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what were church courts?

A
  • Claimed the right to TRY CHURCH MEN
  • NEVER sentenced people to DEATH
  • Dealt with MORAL OFFENCES
  • Were more LENIENT
23
Q

MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: what was Benefit of the clergy?

A
  • CLAIMING the RIGHT to be tried in a CHURCH COURT
  • ONLY for PRIESTS but EVERYONE USED it
  • People had to read a BIBLE VERSE (the NECK VERSE) to prove they were church men but everyone just memorised it

History : C+P (6 decks)

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