Modern Medicine 1900-present Flashcards
What and when was the first medical scan invented
1895 , Wilhelm röntgen discovers x rays. That could pass through soft flesh but less through bone. Then photographic film created simple X-ray images, by directing X-rays into body parts infront of photographic plate. (Used in ww1)
What was the significant if the X-rays?
-In ww1 (curie prompted frontline ambulances used this)
-this allowed surgeons to be more precise and prevent infection and blood loss
-exposed to radiation. So increased chance of cancer(Marie Currie died from over exposure . Causing radiation)
What and when were computer tomography scans?
1972, invented by Godfrey houdnsfield. Used X-rays and computers to make detailed images of parts on patient body
- to detect tumors
What and when was the NHS
5th July 1948, provided free health care. Based on individual health needs, but not health. Everyone could access doctors, hospitals, opticians.
Prompted campaign ‘couch to 5k’ shows benefits of running. Reduce heart disease and type 2 diabetes
What was the significance of NHS?
Death from child birth decreased
-could acces healthcare
-recently been educating public about maintaining healthy habits (advice on smoking)
-reduces poeple suffering malnourished lives
What was the House and town planning act, and why was it significant?
- This cleared slums. Built 700,000 new homes. Local council were pushed to provide new homes
-so post war housing programs were planned. Caused Rise of council housing
Further continued in 1946 new towns act to demolish slums
What did Francis crock and James Watson discover in 1953?
They discovers the molecular structure for DNA called the double helix. Explained that it contain genes of human characteristics.
Later in 1990 human genome project, led by Watson. To discover more about genes. In 2003 human genome project completed
Why is understanding human genes important?
-provide information about inherited diseases(asthma)
-10,000 genetic decisions. Can be identified on fetus before birth
- liger likely they can develop condition
How has the government prevented smoking in society?
1965 band promoting of tobacco smoking
2015 parliament passed law that coherentes packets should be plain
2007 smoking band in public places
What is the significance of the govermant smoking campaigns?
25% in 1982 to 8% in 2006 15 year olds have stopped smoking
-as smoking caused lung cancer. Prevented poeple getting disease
what are the treatments for lung cancer?
using radiotherapy- involves putting radiation at the lungs to kill the cancer( use targetd x rays and gamma rays, radiation discoverd 1896-1898)
using chemotherapy; the use of drugs to treat cancer. which are injected into the blood stream9( discovered in world war 2)
how are people diagnosed with lung cancer?
-doctors use computed tomography to give detailed image of the lungs. identifying the cancer
-use of chest xrays: these show if there is anything n the lungs which shouldn’t be there.
what methods of surgery were discovered in the 1900-present?
-blood transfusion
-transplants
-robot assisted surgery
-keyhole surgery
what is blood transfusion and how was it discovered?
transfusing blood into the body, when there was a loss of blood for patients
-in (1900) Karl Landsteiner discovered certain blood groups cannot mix, as blood clots would form. so it was sugested if the patients blood matchd the blood donors, then the transfusion would take place
-later in (1914) doctors discovered that the chemical sodium citrate could stop blood clots. which allowed blood to be stored outside the body. in (1917) the method lead to the vital development of blood banks at the battle of Cambrai
-(1946) the British nation blood transfusion service set up.
what are transplants, and when were they discovered?
in ww1, a technique called skin transplantation was developed, which could transplant organs, like kidneys, livers and lungs. Although at first it was rejected by the body due to the body thinking it was a virus.
