Key Individuals (C.1250-modern Era) Flashcards
Who was alaxander Fleming and what did he do?(3py)
Alaxander Fleming, a Scottish physician. Return from holiday I. 1928 and Discovered from cleaning some culture dishes that he saw a fungal spore had landad on the dish.
Which caused the colonies of staphylococci around the mild to stop growing.
Due to the fungi producing a substance that had killed the bacteria. This was later called penicillin
The following year he published his finding, although no one was able to take his work further.
Hiw did Howard Florey and Ernest chain developed the penicillin?
(1939) Howard’s flory Oxford team discovers that penicillin needed to be purified. So they used a freezing technique to purify it(devised by Ernest chain)
However they did not have enough resources to produce it in batches.
Later on in (1941) America joined WW2, who gave grant to them to manufacture penicillin. Which helped soldiers wounds, later on in (1943) the British did it aswell
Who was Paul ehrlich?
A German physician who discovers the the fist magic bullet, Salvarsan 606
-(1889) he set out to find a chemical that could act a a synthetic antibodies
-by (1905) his team to search for an arsenic compound for a newly identified sexually transmitted disease called ‘syphilis’ an magic bullet that would not poison the rest of the body
-(1909) Compound number 606 appeared to work from haga joining the team
-(1911) it was used in the first human
Who was florance nightingale and what was her impact on medicine?
She was a nurse in the Crimean war.(1533-1854) who worked in the barrack hospital in Scutari, despite being opposed by the milatery.
She improved hospitals by making sure all wards were cleaned and hygienic, patients were fed properly and water supplies were adequate.
[She decrease the death rate in hospitals from 42% to 2%
-(1859) she published a book called ‘notes on nursing’ that emphasised need for hygiene and professional attitude
-the public raised £44,000 to help train nurses
- (1919) after her death the registration act passed making it compulsory for training for nurses
Who was Edward Jenner and what did he do?
He was born in 1748 and was a doctor in Gloucester
Edward discovered that milkmaids who had cowpox did not get small pox
(1796)
Injected James Philips{young boy} with cowpox from a milkmaid. Then injected smallpox after. Which he did not catch
-(1798)he published his finding and coined the term ‘vaccination’
-poeple originally resisted vaccinations
Although it did reduce the the amount of smallpox cases in England
(1853) -vaccination were made compulsory
-(1979) WHO announced small pox Had been eradicated
Who is Joseph lister
A British surgeon who used antiseptics to kill germs near surgical wounds
-(1866) used carbolic acid to clean wounds and used it on instruments and bandages
[this reduced the death rate from 50% (1864-1866)to 15% (1867-1870)]
This increased the number of operations, due to there being less fear of dying
