Medicine In Renaisannce England Flashcards
What was the royal society and there significance?
[1660]
A prestigious scientific body, supported by charles II, to help spread new scientific ideas and for People to trust new technology.
Motto ‘nullius in verba’ meant take no body’s word for it. This encouraged poeple to be so set skeptical and challenge new ideas
Published journal “philosophical transactions” increased awareness of new inventions. Aided transmission of ideas
Who was Thomas Sydenham ?
He was a renaissance physicianThe son of a. Country square. Fought in English civil war . Believed that practical experience was effective in treating patients
-he classified disease into different types, based on a patient’s symptoms. Which proved scarlet fever and measles are different. Making detailed observations and keeping accurate records
-In (1676) published book called ‘observations medicae” containing detailed medical descriptions. Used fir 200 years. Becoming known as the English Hippocrates
What was the printing press? And it’s significance?
Set up in Britain in (1470)
- quickly & cheaply printed books
• this accelerated progress of medicine by :
-spreading new ideas to be debated
{1510-1590, ambroise paré, famous French army surgeon translated his ideas on surgery into different languages} - university students could have their own books to study from. ( detail info)
- encouraged questioning of old ideas
{galens books were printed into different languages(1473-1599) more knew about his ideas. However, due to different versions saying different things, it became more unclear}
Who was William Harvey ?
Worked at the royal college of physicians, studied in Cambridge and Padua, Italy.
-became James I and Charles I royal physician
-discovered that blood circulated around the body. Disproving gales incorrect study’s of the human body, (although at first was not accepted by all)
- this provided surgeons a new map of the body, making blood transfusions more possible, whilst changing poeple understanding of anatomy
-1628 published his finding in the book called ‘An anatomical disputation concerning the movement of the heart and blood in living creatures’
How did William Harvey disprove galens ideas?
1.He first studied animals and humans. Realising he could observe humans hearts like animals
2.then through experiments, realised too much blood was being pumped to be consumed in the arteries and purple blood in veins
- He then though the blood must circulate around the body
Who was Andrea’s Vesalius?
Medical profesor in pauda Italy
-believed successful surgery was possible if one had a good understanding on human anatomy -encouraged Poeple to question ideas and do practical experiments instead of textbook studying
- he performed dissection on criminals who had been executed
-in 1538 published “six anatomical studies” and in 1543 published “fabric of human body”
What was the great plague of 1665?
-Flees on black rats carried disease(similar to Black Death)
-caused death of 65,000
-started in poorer areas of London in spring
-rich fled city
-killed by 1666 in the great fire of London. Which sterilised large parts of London killing bacteria
-according to Samual peeps, many poor poeple suffered in London
What methods were used to prevent the great plague? (5)
Killed cats and dogs as they were believed of spreading disease. _
•(Although it may have worsened the plague as it decreases the number of predators in flees.)
-Sir William Lawrence instructed poeple to be quarantined in there houses for 40 days if they caught the plague.
•Marked with Red Cross and phrase “lord have mercy upon us”
•patrolled by watchman to prevent escapism
-poeple we’re buried before sunrise and after sunset, to reduce human contact
•grave 6 foot deep
•collected by carts
-poeple tried to lose blood through leeches to restore humours(similar to Black Death
-to prevent miasma, poeple breathe din sponge soaked with vinegar
How did hospital care change in renaissance?
Role of church and god declined.
The romans church began to be exposed for being corrupt. Causing the dissolution of monasteries. Losing hospitals
-charity hospital opened. Staffed by volunteers and accessible to poor. Who reserved spaces for those that needed it and, lived a respectable lifestyle, due to popular demand .
What continuity’s were there in treatment and prevention of illness?
-poeple still believed in theory of four humours
-apothecaries still sold herbal remedies, but had to be licensed, which some chose to ignore. Encouraged by books
How did trade links with America inmprove medical knowledge?
Quinine was extracted from bark of cinchona tree, which helped treat malaria
_tobacco could cure cancer, respiratory problems, headaches and hyperthermia
What superstition treatment were used in renaissance
Kings touch could cure scrofula
what continuities were there to medicine in Britain?
-herbal remedies: wise women would to provide medical attention, (lady grace Mildmay, highly educated wise women ,who helped patients, keeping record of them from 1552 to 1620.
-Hospitals still didn’t let people in who had incurable infections. were only for sick and ‘deserving poor
-medical training: apothecaries still not properly trained. physicians still trained with medical texts, not practical
-people still believed in galens old ideas, so still continued blood letting.
