Modern Medicine Flashcards
How did Gerhadt Domagk discover the second cure for blood poisoning
his daughter caught herself and developed severe blood poisoning. He used prontosil on her and it worked.
Which drug was found in prontosil using a electron microscope that was then used to cure scarlet fever, meningitis, gonorrhoea and pneumonia
sulphonamide
how did Fleming discover penicillin
he was tidying his lab and noticed that there had been a circle where bacteria has been killed. he thought it got in through the window.
in 1929, why could fleming not research penicillin further
lacked funding. it was also very difficult to grow and harvest
which two scientists read flemings paper and decided to try develop penicillin as a drug
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
after the outbreak of ww2, how did florey and chain use their money to develop penicillin
using new freeze dry technology and some milk bottles to harvest penicillin
testing the small amount they had harvested on 8 mice, 4 that were given penicillin and microbes survived, those with just microbes died
how did florey and chain prove penicillin worked on humans
gave a patient it and his condition improved. he then died but that was after it had run out
how much money did the US government provide for penicillin
$80 million
in 1944 penicillin managed to treat all wounded allied soldiers at what battle
dday landings
how many doses of penicillin were used a month at the end of ww2 by the US army
2 million
what % of allied soldiers would have died without penicillin
15
what range of factors were important for penicillin
important individuals
chance
scientific research
war
government
drugs companies
technology
why was penicillin the first antibiotic of its time
it could kill multiple bacteria unlike any other of its kind.
what are some problems that have been caused by developing new medicines
cost
very bad side effects
over use of antibiotics
which 2 scientists discovered the double helix structure of DNA
Francis Crick and James Watson
what technology did Crick and Watson use to discover dna
x ray
how had discoveries into DNA led to very important developments in medicine
stopped liver cancer in some circumstances
genetic screening
can lead to “saviour siblings”
opened up research into genetic engineering
how is the WHO fighting against AIDS
teaching people in poorer nations about safe sex.
persuading governments and rich companies to let poorer countries access drugs to slow aids down
What are alternate treatments that can be used to help the bodies natural immune system
homeopathy- plants and herbs
acupuncture- ancient chinese medicine
hypnosis
herbal remedies
why are alternative medicines becoming more popular
some people do not like artificial drugs
celebrity endorsement
in what wars did plastic surgery help
ww1 and ww2
in what year did a German doctor discover that there were different blood groups and that you could only be given certain types of blood to different patients
1901
in ww1 what 2 developments did scientists work out for blood transfusions
adding sodium citrate to blood to stop it clotting
separating blood cells from the plasma
in 1959, what drug was discovered so that the immune system could be supressed and prevent kidneys being attacked by immune system
imuran
