Medicine Stands Still Flashcards
What was the Hippocratic Oath
an oath sworn by doctors not to harm their patients and always be motivated by their patients interests and not money
what were Hippocrates ideas about recording information
he thought that doctors should observe and record all their symptoms of patient’s to learn more about disease. he also wrote many books of his own
what was hippocrates theory
4 humours
how long did doctors use the theory of the four humours
till the 18th century
whose books were used to train doctors in the middle ages
Galens
what was Galens “Theory of opposites”
different medicines and treatments could be used to balance the 4 humours
How did Galen make mistakes on anatomy
did it on animals which are different to humans
Why could Galens ideas not be challenged
Galen had the support of the christian church as he said the body is a perfectly designed machine. if you disagreed with Galen you could be arrested and punished
what natural methods did people use in the middle ages
4 humours
herbal remedies
inspected urine of patients
using opium and natural substances as anaesthetic
what supernatural methods did people use in the middle ages
zodiac charts
pray
magic charms
what were peoples natural approaches to dealing with the black death 1348
cleaning up streets
bleeding or purging
burning herbs to take away smell
blaming jews
what were peoples supernatural approaches to dealing with the black death 1348
plague caused by position of planets
praying to god
saying magic spells and wearing charms
how did the church help medical progress in the middle ages
setting up universities
running and paying for hospitals
church taught Christians that it was their “duty” to care for the sick
how did the church hinder medical progress in the middle ages
banning dissections
saying god caused disease
insisting Galen was right about everything
why was the Islamic empire at an advantage to to Christian Europe in the middle ages
they did not have any war so could spend money elsewhere
What did Al Razi do that was significant
stressed importance of careful observation and recording
identified difference between smallpox and measles
pointed out where galen was wrong
What did Ibn Sina do that was significant
wrote a million word encyclopaedia called “The Canon” summarising all medical knowledge up to 1000
how many hospitals did Baghdad have but London had one?
60
what was similar about Islamic and christian approaches to surgery
both saw it as inferior
disapproved of dissection
What did John of Arderne do
english surgeon who worked with the army. he developed a pain killing ointment containing opium and hemlock. He wrote several books
who proved Galen was wrong about the heart and lungs
Ibn Al-Nafis
why were towns unhealthy in the middle ages
waste left in street
rivers used for waste and drinking
toilets built over cess pits
businesses which created unhygienic waste were next to houses
houses very close and overcrowded
how did the government try to improve public health in towns in the middle ages
passed laws against throwing rubbish into the street
built public lavatories
made butchers carry out trade in separate areas
employed rakes to pick up rubbish
passed laws about lining cess pits with stone
why did the governments actions in the middles not prevent the black death
not enough money
people ignored the laws
no knowledge about cause of disease
people used to dirty living conditions
