Modern Judaism (COP) Flashcards
Who founded Progressive Judaism and when?
German Jews in the 1700s.
Enlightenment period
Period of science, critical & rational thoughts, and secularism.
Emancipation
Removal and elimination of any inequities applied specifically to Jews.
Progressive beliefs - Torah
Torah is a God-inspired document that was written by humans. It should be revised and re-interpreted to suit the changing modern world.
Progressive beliefs - Jewish practice
Individuals make own decisions about which beliefs and practices to follow. (Ethical teachings > commandments & customs)
Progressive practices
Practices are flexible, and many customs are not compulsory.
Progressive practice - Clothing
Not required to wear strict traditional clothing
Progressive practice - Sabbath
Not strictly observed
Progressive practice - Kosher diet
Reject kosher diet
Progressive practices - Services
- Shorter
- In local language
- Involve choir
Progressive practices - interfaith marriage
Interfaith marriage allowed
Why was Orthodox Judaism formed?
Response to Progressive Judaism
Fill in the blanks
Orthodox Judaism is not an… or… denomination, and includes several different…
Orthodox Judaism is not an organised or unified denomination, and includes several different traditional groups.
Orthodox beliefs - Torah
Whole Torah (written and oral) dictated by God to Moses - considered true word of God. Attempts to adapt laws = watering down god’s teachings.
Orthodox practices - Laws/commandments
Strictly observe all 613 commandments
Orthodox practices - Kosher diet
Obey Kosher diet
Orthodox practices - Sabbath
Avoid all activity on Sabbath
Orthodox practices - Services
Delivered in Hebrew
Orthodox practices - Interfaith marriage
Interfaith marriage not permitted.
Ultra Orthodox practices - engagement with society
- Most traditional (avoid secular society)
- Modest attire
- Men have beards, wear hats & suits
Modern Orthodox practices - engagement with society
Engage with modern world but still commit to strict observance of laws & traditions.
Who formed Conservative Judaism, where, when, and why?
Zacharias Frankel in USA, 1886, in response to Progressive and Orthodox Judaism.
Finish the sentence
Conservative Judaism was led by Rabbis who…
Liked the idea of embracing the modern world, but thought Progressive Judaism was too extreme.
Conservative Judaism
Middle ground between Progressive and Orthodox
Progressive/reform Judaism
Least traditional and strict
Orthodox Judaism
Most traditional and strict
Conservative beliefs - Torah
Laws are divinely inspired and should be observed, however adaptations can be made if there is good reason.
Conservative practices - Sabbath
Encouraged but not compulsory, accommodations made for those who need to drive to services on Sabbath.
Conservative practices - Kosher diet
Encouraged but not compulsory
Conservative practices - Interfaith marriage
Interfaith marriage discouraged
Conservative practices - clothing
Men wear Yarmulke (skullcap)
Conservative practices - Services
Services delivered in a mix of Hebrew and local language
Conservative practices - Women
Allows and ordains female Rabbis, allow men and women to sit together in services.
