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SOR2 > Ancient Origin: Celtic > Flashcards

Ancient Origin: Celtic Flashcards

1
Q

The Celtic tradition was an oral tradition, meaning it…

A

Had no written language

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2
Q

The Celts were widespread across ……, but tribes worked in ……… and did not …….

A

Europe
Isolation
Unify

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3
Q

Islands were created by…

A

Digging of Giants

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4
Q

Water came from…

A

Tears of Giants

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5
Q

Man descended from…

A

The Gods

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6
Q

The Earth and the Afterlife were linked by a…

A

Bridge

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7
Q

5 central Celtic beliefs

A
  • Gods
  • Goddesses
  • Zoomorphic deities
  • Cosmology & eschatology (end of world)
  • Worship, Druids & sacrifice
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8
Q

Celtic Gods and Goddesses

A
  • Polytheistic basis
  • Many gods/goddesses for different things
  • Rituals & sacrifice dedicated to particular gods
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9
Q

Example of a Celtic Zoomorphic Deity

A

Epona - protector of horses, ponies, donkeys & mules

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10
Q

Celtic cosmology/life after death

A
  • Belief that in death, a person goes to the Other World
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11
Q

The first evidence of Celtic spiritual practice dates back to ….. years ago.

A

25,000

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12
Q

What did Celtic initiation candidates have to do?

A
  • Crawl into caves (belly of mother earth)
  • Emerge reborn into the daylight
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13
Q

Celtic traditions and stories are full of gods and goddesses, but they …… have clear ………

A

Did not
Functions

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14
Q

At different ….. and in different ……., different …. had responsibility for different aspects of …. or …….

A

Times
Stories
Gods
Life
Nature

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15
Q

Example of Celtic equivalent to Roman gods.

A

OVer 70 Celtic equivalents for the Roman God of War

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16
Q

How many central Celtic gods?

A

4 or 5

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17
Q

Most minor gods were associated with particular …….

A

Tribes

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18
Q

Oath from early Irish literature.

A

“I swear by the gods my people swear by”

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19
Q

3 main classes of gods - those requiring sacrifices by…

A
  • Fire
  • Breath and blood
  • Water
20
Q

Significance of the number 3

A
  • 3 types of gods
  • Represented by artistic motif (Triskele)
21
Q

The Celts were seekers after …., linking themselves to the …….

A

Gods
Unseen

22
Q

Features of the local land were seen to have…

A

Diabolic power

23
Q

The Celts believed in ……….. of the … as an emblem of …… power

A

Deification
Sun
Divine

24
Q

When is Samain?

A

November 1

25
Q

Samain is a …….. at the … of the Celtic year. It is a time for ……… and community ………..

A

Festival
Beginning
Sacrifices
Gatherings

26
Q

Holy pits were places to throw ….. remains, sacrificed ……. and ………..

A

Human
Animals
Offerings

27
Q

Worship was performed .. … …., with cult rituals including …………. and ….. sacrifice.

A

In the open
Decapitation
Human

28
Q

Druids

A
  • Religious/spiritual leaders
  • Masters of cults and rituals
  • Judges and teachers
29
Q

…. ….. retained sacred ……. after the …….. of the Celts.

A

Cult sites
Meaning
Decline

30
Q

It took .. years to …….. the necessary ……….. to become a Druid.

A

20
Memorise
Information

31
Q

Druids ………. religious ………..

A

Organised
Ceremonies

32
Q

Druids decided when and where to .. .. ….

A

Go to war

33
Q

Driuds possessed knowledge of all …… laws.

A

Tribal

34
Q

Druids helped heal the sick by demanding ………., using ……… or natural ……….

A

Sacrifices
Medicines
Remedies

35
Q

Druids decided which …. of the …. were …….

A

Days
Year
Lucky

36
Q

Which number had powerful significance in religious, spiritual and social aspects of Celtic life?

A

3

37
Q

Three classes of people

A
  • Elite specialists
  • Common herders
  • Slaves
38
Q
A
39
Q

When did the Celtic religion reach its highest point of development, and why?

A
  • 4th Century
  • Territorial expansion across Europe from Great Britain to Asia Minor
40
Q

Parts of the rich Celtic history are still present today through preserved ……, ……… and ……….

A

Relics
Monuments
Artworks

41
Q

Where is Celtic culture represented in modern society?

A
  • Sporting teams
  • Music groups/Celtic music
  • Irish dancing
42
Q

The Celts brought ………… to the Anglo-Saxons

A

Christianity

43
Q

Men were seen as the ……… gender. They were considered …. important because they were ……..

A

Dominant
More
Hunters

44
Q

Celtic hunting

A
  • Worshipped animals they slaughtered
  • Apologised for deaths
  • Some too sacred to kill - worshipped & preserved
45
Q

Mother Earth produced ………., therefore …………. work was done by ……, and the ….. Cult was practiced by ……

A

Vegetation
Agricultural
Women
Earth
Women

46
Q

…………. and ……. observances varied between places.

A

Superstitions
Magical

SOR2 (12 decks)

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