Modern 1900+ Flashcards
What year was the electron microscope invented?
1931
When did Francis Crick and James Watson discover DNA?
1953
When was the human genome project?what was it?
1990s,the US mapped all the genes in the human body (40000 of them) leading to the joke of humans sharing 60% of their DNA with a banana.
What happened in 2002 on live television?
Gunther von Hagens preformed live dissection on TV.
The progress the impact of war had on medicine. (5)
- New tech and methods used such as X-rats and blood transfusions.
- the war inspired “homes for heroes” because the gov were shocked at how poor the health of new recruits was-this led to a bigger drive to improve public health.
- doctors were forced to develop new techniques for infections e.g. Gangrene however they still couldn’t prevent serious cases and could only cut away the dead flesh and soak the limb in saline solution.
- soldiers were given vaccinations
- developments of orthopaedics (bones) and limb replacements helped civilians as well as soldiers.
The limitations of the impact of war had on medicine. (3)
- Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918 killed millions and showed that there were still uncontrollable infectious diseases.
- millions of men had to live with long term health problems of the war e.g.mental health problems like shell shock and couldn’t cope.
- the war diverted funding away from medical research and also meant many doctors and nurses left home to help on battlefields which negatively impacted the people back in the UK.
Progress of Fleming,Florey and Chain. (4)
- penicillin was the first antibiotic so now some illnesses could be cured inside the body.
- helped treat infections in millions of soldiers during WW2.
- still widely used today and it was the first in a wave of “super drugs”.
- Florey and chain were successful in getting the US government to fund the mass production of penicillin.
Limitations of Fleming,Florey and Chain. (4)
- it was discovered by accident as Fleming didn’t clean his Petrie dishes.
- Fleming wasn’t successful in getting its mass production because it was very expensive.
- Fleming wasn’t the first to discover it-Lister did in 1871 but had not realised its potential.
- Florey and Chain’s first patient died as they did not have enough pencillin to cure him (they kept extracting it from his urine but eventually there wasn’t a high enough concentration for it to be effective and he died).
The progress of Ehrlich and Domagk’s work. (4)
- the discovery of sulphonamide is the beginning of the modern pharmaceutical industry.
- specifically Salvarsan-606 treated syphilis and Prontosil cured septicaemia.
- there work should scientific methods and research and effective communication worked and led to faster developments.
The limitation of Ehrlich and Domagk’s work. (1)
The sulphonamides could only kill 1 type of infection (when penicillin was discovered it was viewed as better as it could cure a range of infections at once).
The progress of Ehrlich and Domagk’s work. (4)
- the discovery of sulphonamide is the beginning of the modern pharmaceutical industry.
- specifically Salvarsan-606 treated syphilis and Prontosil cured septicaemia.
- there work should scientific methods and research and effective communication worked and led to faster developments.
The limitation of Ehrlich and Domagk’s work. (1)
The sulphonamides could only kill 1 type of infection (when penicillin was discovered it was viewed as better as it could cure a range of infections at once).
What year was Salvarsan 606 produced?
1909
