Industrial 1750-1900 Flashcards
1
Q
Change in Attitudes. (9)
A
- Great explosion in industry (industrial dieases like dermatitis.
- Urbanisation (problems arise such as typhoid and cholera).
- Growth of Empires (new diseases i.e. yellow fever).
- Growth of immense wealth (based on trade etc. meant more money for medical research).
- Technological advances (machines such as the electrocardiograph).
- Growth of science and research.
- Democracy and Socialism.
- Wars and machinisation of war.
- Evolution.
2
Q
Casimir Funk. (2)
A
Discovered the first vitamins and realised diseases could be due to poor diet. (Poland:1912).
3
Q
Theodor Schwann. (1)
A
Realised animal matter was made up of cells not humours.
4
Q
William Beaumont. (1)
A
Studied the digestive system of Alexis St Martin who was a Canadian with an open hole in his stomach.
5
Q
The progress of Edward Jenner. (3)
A
- By 1801 100,000 people had been vaccinated against small pox in England.
- Inspired Koch and Pasteur.
- 1980 the world health organisation confirmed that small pox had been eradicated globally.
6
Q
The limitations of Jenner. (4)
A
- Just made it safer.
- He was a country doctor.
- compulsory vaccinations and before that barely anyone got them.
- Innoculation was already a form of immunisation e.g. Lady Mary Montague had her children innoculated in 1721.
7
Q
The progress of John Snow. (4)
A
- Link between cholera and water.
- Discovery contributes towards the government setting up the Metropolitan Board of Works to improve water conditions.
- 1861 Snow’s idea became more popular because of Pasteur.
- Snow proved correct when Koch identifies the microbe which causes cholera,however, Snow didn’t live to see this.
8
Q
The limitations of Snow. (5)
A
- “The Great Stink” in the summer the THames dried up and faeces “baked” in the sun creating a foul odour.
- Had no explanation.
- No preventions or treatments came from it.
- The government had a laisse faire attitude not widely accepted until the 1860s.
- there were further cholera outbreaks.
9
Q
The progress of Louis Pasteur. (4)
A
- Pasteur found the missing link in medicine.
- Finally disproved theories such as miasmas and the 4 humours.
- Developed vaccines to prevent things such as chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies.
- Done public demonstrations for those who challenged him.
10
Q
The limitations of Louis Pasteur. (4)
A
- Needed the work of Robert Koch (his rivals) to develop vaccines.
- He was a scientist, not a doctor, which limited knowledge of disease.
- Doctors shunned him for this^.
- Pasteur failed to find a vaccine for cholera as he couldn’t identify the germs causing the disease.
11
Q
The progress of Robert Koch. (5)
A
- Able to dye germs and identify different diseases. Weakened versions for vaccines of different diseases.
- An actual doctor-medical experience.
- Identified microbes causing TB, anthrax, and septicaemia.
- Found a vaccine for TB.
- Inspired a nation of “microbe hunters”.
12
Q
The limitations of Robert Koch. (3)
A
- Couldn’t have made his discoveries without Pasteur and Germ Theory.
- Could identify microbes but not always have vaccines e.g. septicaemia.
- As prontosil was not developed until later in the 20th century^.
13
Q
Training of Doctors. (2)
A
- The regulation of doctors begun by the government (1858).
- Training progresses once germ theory is accepted-some hostility at first.
14
Q
Hospitals. (2)
A
- More hospitals develop.
- Closely linked to the work of Florence Nightingale from 1860s onward as the architecture of hospitals is now considered and she is consulted.
15
Q
The progress of Florence Nightingale. (5)
A
- Changed perception of nursing-more looked upon.
- Improved the condition of hospitals in the Crimean War.
- Published 2 books.
- Improved quality of nursing (1859+).
- set up the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital in London in 1960 which improved quality of training.
