Models of Communication Flashcards
What are the types of models of communication?
- linear
- interactive/convergent
- transactional
What is LINEAR communication?
sequential, one-sided, moves in one direction, no feedback
What are the linear models?
- aristotelian
- laswell
- shannon & weaver
- berlo’s
What is the ARISTOTELIAN MODEL?
- speaker
- message
- listener
What does the Aristotelian model focus on?
speaker’s persuasive ability
Who made the Aristotelian model?
Aristotle, Greek philosopher
What are Aristotle’s 3 MODES OF PERSUASION?
ethos, logos, pathos
What is ETHOS about?
credibility and ethics of the speaker
What is LOGOS about?
logical appeal of the message
What is PATHOS about?
appealing to the audience’s emotions
What is an example of the Aristotelian model?
presidential candidate speech
What is the LASWELL model?
communicator, message, medium, receiver, effect
What questions does the Laswell model ask?
who, says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect
Who made the Laswell model?
Harold Laswell (1948)
What does the Laswell model focus on?
channel
What is an example of the Laswell model?
governor announcing cancelled classes
What is the SHANNON AND WEAVER model?
- info source
- transmitter
- channel + noise
- receiver
- destination
What is the Shannon and Weaver model also known as?
telephone model
The Shannon and Weaver model is a refined version of…
Laswell model
What does the Shannon and Weaver model focus on?
noise
What is the fourth type of noise?
semantic, when speaker and listener have different meaning systems
What is an example of the Shannon and Weaver model?
phone signal interrupting call
What is BERLO’S MODEL?
- source [encodes] - message - channel [decodes] - receiver
What is the Berlo’s model also known as?
SMCR model
Who made Berlo’s model?
David Berlo (1960)
What is Berlo’s model based off of?
Shannon and Weaver model
What is unique about Berlo’s model?
use of the 5 senses for decoding amessage
What aspects are under Berlo’s model’s source and receiver?
- communication skills
- attitudes
- knowledge
- social system
- culture
What aspects are under Berlo’s model’s message?
- content
- elements
- treatment
- structure
- code
What aspects are under Berlo’s model’s channel?
5 senses
What is an example of Berlo’s model?
television advertisement
What are INTERACTIVE/CONVERGENT models?
two-way interaction, exchange of ideas one at a time
What are the interactive models?
- schramm
- white
What is SCHRAMM’s model?
venn diagram with field of common experience int he middle
Who made Schramm’s model?
Wilbur Schramm (1955)
What does Schramm’s model focus on?
field of experience
What do the communicators in Schramm’s model do?
take on the roles of encoder, interpreter, and decoder
What significance does field of experience have in Schramm’s model?
field of experience influences interpretation of the message
What is an example of Schramm’s model?
teacher discussing learning material with another teacher, and with her students
What is WHITE’s model?
- thinking
- symbolizing
- expressing
- transmitting
- receiving
- decoding
- feedback
- monitoring
Who made White’s model?
Eugene White
What does White’s model do uniquely?
recognizes feedback as apart of the communication process
How would you describe White’s model?
sequential and cyclical
What does White’s model fail to do?
consider the active role of the receiver
What is TRANSACTIONAL communication?
senders and receivers can interact at the same time therefore it illustrates the dynamic and simultaneous nature of communication
What is the most accurate representation of the communication process?
transcational
What are the transactional models?
- wood’s transactional model of communication
- speech communication transactional model
What is WOOD’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION?
similar to schramm’s venn diagram, includes noise and time
What does Wood’s transactional model tell us about communication?
it’s a dynamic process that continually changes over time depending on previous interactions
What does it mean for senders and receivers to be communicators?
both have active roles
What does Wood’s transactional model represent
a normal conversation
What does Wood’s transactional model focus on?
time
What is the SPEECH COMMUNICATION TRANSACTIONAL model?
cyclical version of berlo’s model
What does the speech transactional model represent?
public communication
What does the speech transactional model have that’s unique from the other models?
situation and context
What is a SITUATION in terms of communication?
physical environment and social context
