modeling

Question 1

modeling 3

Answer 1

process of observing others, or self in order to optimize the learning of motor skills, enhance motor skill performance or other psychological processes
innate and natural
how one does it influence self efficacy, motivation and coping

Question 2

Modelling aka 4

Answer 2

imitation, emulation, observational learning, demonstration

Question 3

where should a model demo

sport and rehab

Answer 3

in training better but also competition in sports

exercise and rehab in corresponding setting

Question 4

game videos and learning of a skill

Answer 4

• outside of training and

Question 5

why use modeling

Answer 5

one of the most common methods of teaching and learning

Question 6

3 functions of modeling

Answer 6

skill function - easy to see and study
strategy function - putting them together and competing
performance function - psychological - using modeling to control arousal levels, self efficacy and confidence

Question 7

athletes and function

Answer 7

all skill level go skill, strategy then performance

ind and independent use skill and performance

team use strategy

Question 8

effect of 2 modelling intervention and self efficacy, intrinsic motvation, and self satisfaction and physical performance
3 groups

Answer 8

self modeling
self observation
control condition

Question 9

self modelling group

Answer 9

personal performing video edited to focus on specific task which increases self efficacy and intrinsic motivation - better performance

Question 10

ovservation and control group

Answer 10

just watched

didnt have a video - performed similarly

Question 11

10 week structured fitness program on self efficacy and adherence with self report measures of self efficacy and proxy efficacy (confidence in instructor’s capability)

Answer 11

perceived capability of instructor was related to self efficacy of the participants and may have predicted exercise adherence

Question 12

Rehab modeling

Answer 12

psychological factors

• coping modeling (someone who has gone through the same thing) can reduce perceptions of pain and crutch self efficacy in patients with ACL reconstructive surgery
• self modelling assists in motor skill acquisition in children with physical disabilities

Question 13

When should a model demo

Answer 13

before and during practice, (watch perform watch again) or watch a team or a video before hand

Question 14

Who is the model

4

Answer 14

self
other - peer/non peer
skilled/non skilled
mastery or coping

Question 15

self as a model 4

Answer 15

self observation technique - basic vid replay
self modelling technique - edited vid replay
takes a lot more time
motivational or look for specific techniques

Question 16

how to use self as a model (5)

Answer 16

mirrors - confidence, self-efficacy, motivation (focus)
task (focus)
self presentational concerns
connecting kinesthetic awareness to performance of a skill
- dont depend too much on it so be mindful before you compete, also focus on your technique to get immediate feedback

Question 17

using a skilled model

Answer 17

proper execution of a skill

authority will choose a model/themselves to demo how to properly perform a task so you know the end goal

Question 18

using a non-skilled model

Answer 18

execution of skill contains errors

authority have someone demo with errors to identify common problems and how to fix it esp its a common error

Question 19

skill vs non skilled model

Answer 19

skilled usually more beneficial
non skilled - communication and whats wrong, but increased confidence if they can progress and if you can show what they did wrong

Question 20

peer as a model

Answer 20

match characteristics between the ind and the peer - hope

sport: age, gender, sport type
exercise: age, gender, body composition
rehab: age, gender, injury

Question 21

non peer model

Answer 21

characteristics not matched
sport : pro/older
exercise: fitness models, celebs, biggest losers
rehab: diff injury and diff access to resources

Question 22

peer modeling on perceptions of preoperative anxiety and pain, and post operative self efficacy and functional outcomes with 2 vids one with pre op and 2 weeks post op vid 2 with 2-6 weeks post op

Answer 22

lower perception of expected pain before surgery and significantly greater self efficacy for walking and using crutches after surgery in comparison
also better objective functional outcome scores

Question 23

coping model

Answer 23

progress from lack of confidence performing a task to confidence in ability to perform with ease
verbalize this transition
unskilled to skilled execution

Question 24

mastery model

Answer 24

demonstrates confidence in ability to perform a task from the beginning of a time period
verbalize this confidence
skilled execution

Question 25

componenets of the model that should be considered

Answer 25

speed - real time vs slowed down angle - aspects to focus on frequency - how often you show it control of viewing - let the viewer control it

Question 26

lit has demonstrated that its important that the viewer has control over

Answer 26

frequency point in time angle clarification on certain points

Question 27

moderator variables

Answer 27

observer characteristics - age, developmental stage, stage of learning task characteristics - complexity, classification, goal vs action directed

Question 28

context and function

Answer 28

where - training, rehab, competition | why - skill, strategy, performance

Question 29

characeristics

Answer 29

what - modality, content, focus of attention, instructional feathers Who - model type how - speed, angle, frequency, control of viewing when - before, during, after outcome - motor, cognitions, affect

Question 30

things to consider when modelling 5

Answer 30

order of difficulty and language - whatever you show first is what you're aiming for what is the purpose? characteristics of the observer - self conscious? novice or skilled? order of demo 1 vs multiple sources observer control over model?

Question 31

6 tips for modeling

Answer 31

demo frequency determined by observer function match desired outcome skilled or unskilled model but unskilled needs feedback model should be similar to observer or perceived as knowlegeable and credible positive in nature combined with other mental skills