Addictive and unhealthy behaviours Flashcards
Why is it to make real stats with eating disorders
often self reported
Disordered eating
psychological distress while you eat - entire spectrum of exaggerated eating patterns involving increased health risks
extreme ends of the spectrum
anorexia and bulimia
whats more prevalent than anorexia or bulimia?
binge eating
american stats for disordered eating
more than doubled since 1960
3.5% and 2% in men
10 questions to rank yourself in disordered eating
do you regularly restrict your food intake
do you skip meals regularly
do you often go on diets
do you count kcals or fat grams or weight or measure you food
are you afraid of certain foods
do you turn to food to reduce stress or anxiety
do you deny being hungry or claim to feel full after eating very little
do you avoid eating with others
do you feel worse/anxious/guilty after eating?
do you think about food, eating, and weight more than you’d like?
may not consider all the factors
buffets
one time is okay but several times a week is not
anorexia nervosa 7
lack of awareness of abnormal patterns of behaviour intense fear of becoming obese disturbed body image significant weight loss refusal to maintain normal body weight amenorrhea - lack of menstrual cycle control how much they eat
bulimia 6
awareness of abnormal patterns of behaviours recurrent binge eating and purging lack of control over eating persistent over concern of body image depressed mood self - deprecation
trends in eating disorder 3
correlated to certain sports - usually with ones in physical appearance or ones that need weigh ins.
eating disorders are more prevalent in female - gymnastics and diving
66% vs 2.5 % in atheletes vs non athletes - but lower body fat % also has to do with it
7 predisposing factors
weight restrictions and standards coach and peer pressure sociocultural factors performance demands judging criteria critical comments about body shape and weight mediating factors
weight restrictions and standards
anything with a weight category - cutting before competition
closer weigh in hours to performance
coach and peer pressure
pressure or emphasis on weight or body appearances, women are to lose weight and men to gain
sociocultural factors
experienced by both men and women, women with lower weight and men higher weight
performance demands
increased emphasis on correlation between lower body fat percentage and higher performance in sport
judging criteria
skating, gymnastics, diving - perception that there is bias toward certain body types
critical comments about body shape and weight
criticism/fat talk - neg about yourself
if someone hears fat talk about someone else - what must they think of me?
cyclical - if they say something neg someone usually goes pos
talking about players on another team
mediating factors 3
personality factors - asceticism, submissiveness, conformity
nationality - western - emphasis on body ideal
ego - oriented - competition
physical signs of eating disorders 9
weight too low, weight loss, weight fluctuation
bloating
amenorrhea
carotinemia - yellowish palms or soles of feet - electrolyte imbalances
sores or calluses on knuckles or back of hand from inducing vomitting
hypoglycemia, headache, weakness, dizziness
muscle cramps, numbness or tingling in limbs
stomach complaints
stress fractures - missed cycles, osteoporosis and decrease in bone density
psychological behavioural signs of eating disorders 16
excessive dieting
excessive eating without weight gain
evidence of self induced vomiting
excessive exercise that is not part of normal training program
guilt about eating
claims of feeling fat at
normal weight despite reassurance from others
use of drugs such as diet pills, laxatives, and diuretics to control weight
preoccupation with food
avoidance of eating in public and denial of hunger
hoarding food
disappearing after meals
frequent weighing
binge eating
changes in mood, and personality or atypical behaviours
a strong need for control
extreme emphasis on body image
5 things for coaches and athletes to prevent eating disorders
promote proper nutritional practices - focus on fueling the body
focus on fitness, not body weight - stronger and faster
be sensitive to weight issues
promote healthy management of weight - esp in weight related sport
teach mental skill - barriers and obstacles like stress and anxiety
Substance abuse
maladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance
elite athletes and substance abuse
98% said they would take a banned performance enhancing substance if they wouldnt be caught and they would win
60% would do so even if it meant they would die from side effects - win but die in 5-10 years
most studies focus on
alcohol and steroid use
