Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > Model Organisms For Genetic Analysis > Flashcards

Model Organisms For Genetic Analysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a model organism

A

Well established biological system used to help understand biology and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the main characteristics of a model organism

A 
Rapid development/maturity 
Ability to transform 
Large number of mutants 
Large offspring number 
Fast cell cycle 
Sequenced genome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are large number of offspring advantage in model organisms

A

Can do big generic crosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 model organism used

A

Worm, zebra fly , budding/fission yeast , mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which model organism is a unicellular eukaryote with linear chromosomes

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes budding yeast and fission yeast a model organism

A 
Rapid and simple growth eg on agar
Large scale genetic crosses available 
Gene knockouts are constructed easily 
Can be transformed with plasmids 
Large number of mutants eg gfp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What properties do yeast have similar to humans

A

Cell division cycle
Gene expression
Dna replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are yeast transformable in

A

Plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are budding and fission yeast different

A

Evolutionary divergent. Some genes are not present in budding but are in fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which model organism is more useful than yeast only due to the fact it’s multicellular

A

Fruit flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain why fruit flies are good model organisms

A 
Large number of mutants 
Large number of eggs laid in a day
Large number can be maintained (small) 
Can create knockdowns 
Can create deletion/insertion mutations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are fruit flies transformed

A

By transporons - genes/dna that can move location on a genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 bigger contributions coming from fruit flies

A

Cell signalling pathways of oncogenes were identified (cancer)

Embryo development insights via analysis of fly development

Neurological disease model- gave insight to human conditions eg SMA and Alzheimer’s
(Eg flies that had mutant SNM gene had phenotypes of SMA disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a disease model

A

Mutant organism that mimics features of human disease (eg an orthologue gene which was mutant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main thing worms are used for in genetic experiments

A

Studying ageing and development- their life cycle is very short and each cell can be monitored via development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other than short life span of worms what else makes it a model organism

A

Many mutants available
2 sexes allows big genetic crosses
Large number of offspring

Gene knockdowns via siRna

17
Q

Explain how gene knockdowns are induced in worms

A

Bacteria with double strand RNA is ingested by the worm

This produces siRNA

SiRNA Then prevents gene expression (targets specific genes)

18
Q

What was produced due to model organism worm

A

First extension to life span mutant

19
Q

Give some ways zebra fish are model organisms

A

Lay many eggs
Sexually mature quick
Embryos can be developed externally and are transparent

20
Q

How can mutations be induced in zebra fish

A

random mutagenesis

21
Q

How are knockdowns induced in zebra fish

A

Using morpholinos -

Nucleotide oligomers that block expression

22
Q

What are zebra fish good models for

A

Vertebrate development
Diseases like cancer
Drug discovery

23
Q

What is the model organism closest related to humans (many orthologue genes)

A

Mouse - mammalian model

24
Q

Why are mice used as model organisms

A

Short breeding cycle
Can inbreed to get offspring with same genes
Can produce transgenic mice

25
Q

Explain the way to produce transgenic mice with knockouts

A

Embryonic stem cells with knockout genes inserted into embryo of mouse

Mouse develops and reproduces hybrid mice

After many many breeds, a KO MOUSE IS PRODUCED WITH KNOCKOUTS

26
Q

Why is it a disadvantage to use transgenic mice to produce knockouts to study disease

A

Takes too long and is expensive

27
Q

How was a mutant mouse used to study diabetes / obesity

A

The ob ob mouse with no leptin gene (appetite control) became obese and developed symptoms of diabetes = leptin is linked

28
Q

What other diseases apart from diabetes and leptin gene have been indetified due to KO mice

A

Cystic fibrosis- the mouse have CFTR gene knockout

Cancer

Genetics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions