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Genetics > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Polyploid

A

More than 2 copies of a gene (alleles)

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2
Q

Haploid

A

Only 1 allele for each gene - half the chromosomes

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3
Q

Hox genes

A

Encode for transcription factors

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4
Q

Wild type

A

Gene or phenotype which is unmodified and natural to a species

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5
Q

Mutant

A

Organism which differs to the wild type due to a change in DNA sequence

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6
Q

Single nucleotide polymorphism

A

When a single nucleotide differs between organisms or species - this is usually a marker of a defect

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7
Q

Vertical gene transfer

A

Genes inherited from parents

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8
Q

Horizontal gene transfer

A

Genes which can be transferred to non related organisms

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9
Q

Transformation (bacteria)

A

Bacteria which acquire cell free dna from environment

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10
Q

Transduction

A

Gene transfer by bacteriophages

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11
Q

Bacterial conjugation

A

Cell to cell contact resulting in gene transfer

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12
Q

Conjugative fertility plasmids

A

They are plasmids which are usually transferred in conjugation - they encode for things like sex pili

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13
Q

High frequency recombination HFr

A

In conjugation where the chromosome from a bacteria is transferred rather than the plasmid

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14
Q

Genome

A

Sum total of genetic info in organisms

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15
Q

Genomics

A

Storage and analysis of dna sequencing data

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16
Q

Annotation file

A

Holds dna sequencing dna of bacteria

Eg the strain, gene position between nucleotides

17
Q

Region of syntony

A

Genes which are similar or identical when comparing bacterial genomics

18
Q

Pathogenicity islands

A

Units of dna which can be transferred to different strains

19
Q

Replication forks

A

Site of dna synthesis

20
Q

Homologue

A

A gene related to another one in their DNA sequence

21
Q

Orthologue

A

Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene = similar in function

22
Q

Paralogue

A

Genes generated by duplication events

Eg beta and alpha haemoglobin gene

23
Q

Gene knockout

A

When genes are removed and gene expression is no longer happening

24
Q

Gene knockdown

A

Techniques such as siRna which interfere with expression of a gene / sometimes don’t express the gene

25
Q

Mini chromosomes

A

Short but rich in genes

26
Q

B chromosomes

A

Additional chromosomes possessed by some individuals

27
Q

Holocentric chromosome

A

No centromere but many kinetochore regions

28
Q

Polythene chromosomes

A

Giant chromosomes in certain insects eg fruit flies

Genetics (19 decks)

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