Modalities

Question 1

Paraffin bath

Answer 1

113 to 122°

No open wounds or infection

Bath must be changed every six months

Question 2

Ice massage

Answer 2

5 to 10 minutes for 10 X 15 cm

Body part ideally is elevated

Intense cold, burning, aching, analgesia

Good for small or contoured areas

Can facilitate motor response by quick stroke

Question 3

Cold pack

Answer 3

Stored at 25°

Question 4

Cold bath

Answer 4

55–64°

If Edema, extremity in dependent position (hanging)

Question 5

Cathode

Answer 5

Negative pole, I hate cats

Salicylate: pain relief, plantar warts

Dexamethasone: anti-inflammatory

Citrate: prevents allergic response, for acute RA

Ideal for infected, exudative wounds

Question 6

Anode

Answer 6

Positive pole

Hydrocortisone: anti-inflammation

Lidocaine: local anesthesia

Zinc: bactericidal, ulcers

Copper: fungicidal, athletes foot

Question 7

TENS

Conventional, high rate

Answer 7

Uses high frequency: 75–120 PPS

Short pulse width: 50–100 MS

Low intensity

For acute or chronic pain

Question 8

TENS

Acupuncture – like

Answer 8

Low frequency: 1–4 PPS

Wide pulse width:150–300 MS

High intensity

Chronic pain

Question 9

TENS

Brief intense

Answer 9

Hi frequency: 150 PPS
Long pulse width: 300 MS

Post – procedure, I.E.debridement, deep massage, PROM

Question 10

TENS

Burst mode

Answer 10

Combines high and low rate T EN S

More tolerable than low rate

Question 11

TENS

Modulation mode

Answer 11

Modulating above modes to prevent adaption

Question 12

Cervical traction

Answer 12

Upper C1-2: 0–5°

Middle C2 – 5: 10–20°

Low C 5–7: 25–35°

RA, traction contra indicated

Question 13

Cervical traction force

Answer 13

7–10% BW for soft tissue (11-15 lbs)

13–20% for joint distraction (20-30 lbs)

Rule of thumb: don’t exceed 30 pounds

Question 14

Pneumatic compression

Answer 14

For lymphedema, stasis ulcer, edema

Contra indications: DVT, acute fracture, heart failure, infection, pulmonary edema, kidney insufficiency

Pressure should not exceed diastolic blood pressure

Check blood pressure, elevate limb 45°, abduct limb, 3:1 inflation/deflation ratio

Question 15

Biofeedback

Answer 15

Small: small or specific muscles
Large: large or group of muscles

Close: muscle targeting
Spread: large or group of muscles

Question 16

Heat Contraindications

Answer 16

Decreased sensation, poor circulation, open wound, acute injury, malignancy

Question 17

Underwater ultrasound

Answer 17

Tissue heating is decreased

So increase intensity and duration