Metabolic/Endocrine

Question 1

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 1

Over secretion of cortisol from adrenal gland

Symptoms: moon face, hypertension, truncal obesity

Question 2

Grave’s disease

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism

Treatment: meds, thyroid removal

Symptoms: weight loss, heat intolerance, nervousness, hypertension

Question 3

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 3

Parathyroid over activity – increased calcium, decreased phosphate

Symptoms: kidney stones, depression, muscle wasting and pain

Question 4

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 4

Insufficient PTH secretion- decreased calcium, increased phosphate

Symptoms: seizures, tetany, muscle spasms and pain, cognitive deficits, arrhythmias

Question 5

Diabetes

Answer 5

FBG > 126

Hyperglycemia: BG >180

Hypoglycemia: BG

Question 6

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

PH

Question 7

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

Ph > 7.35, increased bicarbonate

Symptoms: hypoventilation, hypokalemia, muscle cramping

Question 8

Tay Sach’s disease

Answer 8

Lysosomal storage disorder, pediatric, death around five years

Symptoms: Misses developmental milestones

Question 9

Paget’s disease

Answer 9

Excessive/haphazard bone formation

More susceptible to fracture

Question 10

Osteomalacia

Answer 10

Softening of bones from vitamin D deficiency

In children: rickets

Question 11

Addison’s disease

Answer 11

Auto immune, insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production

Symptoms: hypotension, weight loss, weakness, hyper-pigmentation

Treatment: corticosteroids, dangerous if untreated

Question 12

Lumbar puncture

Answer 12

At L3 –4 or L4-5 usually