Mod7 (heart failure) Flashcards
Heart Failure
inability of heart to deliver a supply of oxygenated blood sufficient to meet the metabolic needs of peripheral tissue (or the ability to do so ONLY if cardiac filling pressures are abnormally high); **assoc with VENTRICULAR function
Cardiac failure
result of etiologies that cause impaired ventricular contraction, increased afterload or impaired ventricular filling
Cardiac output
volume of blood ejected from ventricle per minute and established by body based on metabolic needs (CO= SV X HR)
Systolic Dysfunction
heart unable to EJECT blood from ventricles due to impaired contractility or pressure overload
Diastolic Dysfunction
heart unable to relax or fill normally due to increased ventricular wall thickness
Congestive heart failure
the progressive affect of heart failing to properly circulate blood and congestion from fluid retention; MI, high BP and CAD lead to congestive heart failure
Raising prevalence of HF due to:
AGING POP (70% admitted are over 50), REVASC AND THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY (leave patients with myocardial damage that can evolve into HF)
Frank Starling Mechanism
compensatory mech to preserve CO; cardiac muscle fibres stretch prior to contraction to generate greater force thus creating greater SV (and CO)
Ventricular Hypertrophy and Remodeling
compensatory mech to presever CO; increase muscle thickness to pump against high pressure; muscle dilates due to volume overload
- increased afterload
factor the ppt’s HF; causes increased resistance to ejection from ventricle (hypertension, aortic stenosis)
- increased preload
factor that ppt’s HF; increased volume of blood to be pumped (regurgitation)
- Impaired Atrial Emptying
factor that ppt’s HF; AV valves are constricted (MS,TS)
- Impaired Systolic Function
factor that ppt’s HF; reduced myocardial contractility (ischemia, infarction, DSM)
- Increased Metabolic Demand
factor that ppt’s HF; increased demand for blood from periphery (pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, anemia, tachycardia)
Stage 1/A of HF
no limitations in physical activity; ordinary activity doesn’t cause fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or angina
Stage 2/B of HF
Slight limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest; physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or angina
Stage 3/C of HF
marked limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest; less than ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, and angina
Stage 4/D of HF
inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms may be present at rest; any physical activity causes increased discomfort
Left heart failure traits
left ventricle isn’t squeezing hard enough; not enough blood getting to periphery (fatigue, decreased pulse and decreased perfusion); will see backup of blood into lungs (crackles, dyspnea)
Right heart failure traits
right ventricle isn’t squeezing hard enough; less blood is moving into lungs; will see backup of blood into Right atrium and systemic circulation (JVD, Edema)
Congestive Heart Failure
blood isn’t pumping efficiently to body; kidneys sense decreased blood flow causing them to retain more water and Na+, fluid retention causes congestion in tissue which swells/strains the heart