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Fundamentals Of Nursing > Mod1 > Flashcards

Mod1 Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary prevention focuses on what?

A

Diagnosis and treatment (mammograms)

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2
Q

What does tertiary prevention focus on?

A

Helps people move to their previous level of health (rehab centers)

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3
Q

What factors affect the delivery of health care?

A 
Increasing number of older adults 
Advances in technology 
Economic 
Women health
Uneven distribution is services 
Access to health insurance 
Homeless and poor
HIPAA
Demographic changes
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4
Q

What is a case managers role in clients care?

A

Their role is to ensure that the client receive fiscally sound and appropriate care

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5
Q

What is the role of a social worker in clients care?

A

Supports problems and are familiar with both private and public resources available to clients according to their socioeconomic qualification

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6
Q

Hospital provide what types of care?

A

Emergency care
Intensive care
Around the clock

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7
Q

Health promotion services are?

A

Early detection

Routine screening

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8
Q

What is palliative care?

A

Providing comfort and treatment

End-of-life care may be conducted in many settings including the home

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9
Q

What are government health care agencies?

A

Public health and local health

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10
Q

What do ambulatory care centers do?

A

Diagnostic treatment and minor surgery

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11
Q

What is an occupational health clinic?

A

They are run by companies for employees to promote health

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12
Q

What is subacute care?

A

Is a variety of inpatient care that does technically complex treatment

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13
Q

What are rural care hospitals?

A

They are federal funded services for rural residents

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14
Q

Who is covered by Medicare?

A

Adults over 65

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15
Q

What does part A of Medicare provide?

A

Hospitalization, home care and hospice

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16
Q

What does part B of Medicare provide?

A

Partial outpatient and physician services (voluntary)

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17
Q

What does part D of Medicare provide?

A

Prescriptions (voluntary)

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18
Q

What is state children’s health insurance program (SCHIP)?

A

Insurance that cover poor and working class children it includes primary care, prescription and hospitalizations

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19
Q

What provides a blanket medical service in exchange for a monthly payment?

A 
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
Preferred provider arrangements (PPA)
Independent practice associations (IPA)
Physician/hospital organization (PHO)
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20
Q

What does primary prevention focus on?

A

Increase quality and years of life
Achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities
Create healthy environments
Promote health and quality life across the life span
(safe sex campaign)

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21
Q

What is community based health care?

A

It is primary health care system where services are provided within the context of people’s daily lives and is directed toward a specific group within the neighborhood

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22
Q

What makes effective CBHC system?

A

Easy access
Flexible in responding to health care need promotes care between and among health care agencies through improved communication
Provides support for family caregivers
Is affordable

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23
Q

What are aspects of community subsystem assessment?

A 
Physical environment 
Education 
Safety and transportation 
Political and government 
Health and social services 
Communication 
Economic 
Recreation
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24
Q

Where can you get community assessment data?

A 
City maps
State census data 
Chamber of commerce
State health department 
Police departments 
Local newspaper 
Online
Health facility administration 
City health planning boards
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25
What is integrated health care system?
Make all levels of care available in an integrated form- primary care, secondary care and tertiary care
26
What are some traditional community health care settings?
Country and state health departments Schools Work places Homes
27
What are some recent community health care setting?
Nurse managed community centers Parish nurses Corrections nursing Telehealth projects
28
What is community based nursing?
care that is directed toward specific individuals which extends beyond institutional boundaries and involves a network of nursing services
29
What are pew commission competences for future practitioners?
In 1998 the pew health professions commission identified 21 competencies for future health care professionals the include skill and knowledge in primary care, preventive care,population based care, health care access Community partnership, interprofessional teams, and public policy
30
What is collaborative health care?
It is a way to provide optimal health care to the client by having a working relationship with other health care providers
31
What are the key elements necessary for collaboration?
Effective communication skills Mutual respect Trust Decision making process
32
What must a nurse accomplish to provide continuity of care?
Initiate discharge planning when they are admitted Involve client and family in planning process Collaborate with other health care professionals as needed
33
What are the roles of a home health care nurse?
Advocate Caregiver Educator Case manager
34
What is the role of a case manager in home health care?
Coordinates activities of other home health care team members such as dietitian, respiratory therapist.
35
What is the referral process for home health?
Clients may be referred to home health care providers by a physician, nurse, discharge planner or family member but there must be a physicians order and approval of treatment plan for legal and reimbursement requirements
36
What are the types of home health care agencies?
Official or public- which are operated by the state or government and funded by taxes Voluntary or private- which are supported by donations Private proprietary- for profit Institutional based- which have a contract with practitioners and are private pay Durable medical equipment- provide health care equipment
37
What must a nurse take in consideration when it comes to safety in home care setting?
Falls Fire Poisoning Accident
38
What must the nurse identify when assessing hazard of a home?
``` Walkways Floors and furniture Bathroom, kitchen, bedroom Electrical equipment Fire protection Toxic substances Communication devices Medications ```
39
What are signs of caregivers role strain?
Feeling of anger and depression | Dramatic change in the appearance of home environment
40
What must the nurse obtain during the initial visit?
A comprehensive clinic picture Obtain Health history Examine the client Observe the relationship of the client and care giver Assess the home and community environment Discuss what the client and family expect Frequency of visits
41
What must the nurse assess on subsequent visits?
Observe Same parameters assessed on initial visit | Relate findings and the expected outcomes or goals
42
What does the nurse need to document?
Care given Clients progress Plans for next visit Plans for discharge of agency
43
What can a nurse do to minimize caregivers role strain?
Encourage caregivers to express feelings Convey understanding Acknowledge the caregivers competence Identify activities for which assistance is desired and demonstrate Identify sources of outside help
44
What are the two most common types of computer systems used in hospitals?
Management information systems and hospital information systems
45
Why would nurses use technology?
``` Literature access and retrieval Computer assisted instruction Class room technology Distance learning Testing Student and course management ```
46
What dose bedside data entry allow?
``` Clients assessment Medication administration Progress notes Care plan updates Client acuity Accrued charges ```
47
What are computer based patient records (CPR)?
Computer based patients records or electronic medical records permit electronic client data entry and retrieval
48
How do EMR or CPR improve healthcare?
Provides constant availability of clients health information across life span Ability to monitor quality Ability for clients to share in knowledge and activities influenced get their own health care
49
What are characteristics of the nursing process?
``` Cyclic and dynamic nature Client centered Focuses on problem solving and decision making Interpersonal and collaborative Universal applicability Critical thinking skills ```
50
What does the abbreviation ADPIE stand for?
``` Assessing Diagnosing Planning Implementing Evaluating ```
51
What is involved with the first step to the nursing process?
Collect data Organize data Validate data Document data
52
What is the purpose of assessing data when it comes to the nursing process?
To establish a database about the clients response to health care concerns
53
What do you do during the assessing in the nursing process?
``` Obtain a nursing health history Conduct a physical assessment Review client records Review nursing literature Consult support person Consult Heath professional ```
54
What are for types of assessment?
Initial nursing assessment Problem focused assessment Emergency assessment Time lapsed assessment
55
What is the purpose of the second step to the nursing process?
Diagnosing is to identify clients strengths and health problems that can be prevented or resolved by collaborative and independent nursing intervention
56
What needs to be done durning the diagnosing step of the nursing process?
Compare data against standards Cluster or group data Identify gaps and inconsistencies Determine clients strengths, risk and problems Formulate nursing diagnoses and collaborative problem statement Document diagnoses in care plan
57
What is the purpose of the third step of the nursing process?
Planning is to develop an individual care plan that specifies client goals/ desired out comes
58
What should be done during the planning process?
Set priorities and goals/outcomes in collaboration with client Write goals/outcome Consult other health care professionals Write interventions in care plan and nursing care plan Communicate care plan with other health care providers
59
What is the purpose of the fourth step in the nursing process implementing?
To assist the client to meet desired goals and outcomes, promote wellness, prevent illness and disease,restore health and facilitate coping with altered functioning
60
What should the nurse do during the implementing phase of the nursing process?
Reassess the client to update the database Determine the nurses need for assistance Preform planned nursing intervention
61
What is the purpose of the fifth step of the nursing process evaluating?
To determine whether to continue modify or terminate the plan of care
62
What should the nurse do during the evaluating step of the nursing process?
Collaborate with client and collect data related to desired outcomes Judge whether goals/outcomes have been met Relate nursing actions to clients goals and outcomes Make a decision about the problem status Review and modify Document
63
Initial assessment
Preformed after admission and establishes complete database
64
Problem based assessment
Ongoing process to determine the status of a specific problem
65
Emergency assessment
During a crisis to identity life threatening problem
66
Time lapsed assessment
Several months after initial assessment to compare the client progression
67
What are two ways of collecting data?
Subjective data- are thing that only can be described by the client Objective data- can be observed, measured, seen, heard, felt, smelt
68
What are two sources of data?
Primary source- the client | Secondary source- all other sources and should be validated if possible
69
What are two methods of collecting data?
Observing- gathering data using your senses Used to obtain skin color, body or breath Odors, lung/heart sounds skin temperature Interviewing- planned communication Use to obtain information, identify problems,evaluate change,teach,provide support
70
What types of interviews are there?
Focused based- specific questions related to clients problem Directed-nurse establishes purpose and controls- used when time is limited Nondirective approach- rapport building- client controls
71
What types of interview questions are there?
Closed question- yes/no Open-ended question- broad topics and invite longer answers better for collecting more information
72
What are things to take into consideration when planning an interview setting?
Time- client is free of pain and limited interruption Place- private, comfortable, limited distraction Seating arrangement- don't stand how is the room configured- distance Language- use easily understood terminology get an interpreter if needed
73
According to Maslows hierarchy of needs what are the most crucial for survival?
``` Physiological needs Air Food Water Shelter Comfort Self preservation ```
74
What comes after physiological needs on Maslows need?
Safety and security Avoidance of risk Avoidance of harm Avoidance of pain
75
After safety and security on Maslows hierarchy of need there is what?
``` Love and belonging Companionship Acceptance Love and affection Group membership ```
76
Second to last on Maslows hierarchy of needs is?
Self esteem Responsibility Self respect Recognition
77
What comes last on Maslows hierarchy of needs?
Self actualization Reaching you potential Creativity Self expression
78
What does diagnosing refer to in the nursing process?
The reasoning process it is the problem statement consisting of the label and etiology in the nursing process
79
Where can you find the diagnostic label?
NANDA names
80
What are the three components of nursing diagnosis?
The problem and its definition- describes the clients health problem The etiology - identifies one or more probable causes of a health problem The defining characteristic-cluster of signs and symptoms
81
What are the two ways of writing a diagnostic statements?
Basic Two part statement Problem Etiology Basic three part statement (PES format) Problem Etiology Signs and symptoms
82
The diagnosing phase of the nursing process consist of what?
Analyzing data Identifying health problems, risk and strengths Formulating diagnostic statement
83
What is difference between nursing diagnoses and medical diagnoses?
Nursing diagnosis is a statement of nursing judgment and refers to a condition that nurses by virtue of the education, experience and expertise are licensed to treat. A medical diagnosis is made by physician and refers to a condition that only a physician can treat. Medical diagnoses refers to the disease process Nursing diagnosis refers human response
84
What does the planning process begin?
It begins with the first client contact and continues until the relationship ends (discharge) it is multidisciplinary (involves all health care providers to interact with the client)
85
What are the types of planning?
Initial planning- after initial assessment and develops the initial comprehensive care plan Ongoing planning- done by all nurses who work with the client- used to determine if health status has changed, set priorities for the shift,which problems to focus on Discharge planning- planning for needs after discharge- starts at first client contact
86
What are the steps to planning in the nursing process?
Prioritize problem/ diagnoses Formulate goals/desired outcomes Select nursing intervention Write nursing interventions
87
What is the difference between a informal and formal nursing care plan?
Informal -exist in the nurses mind | Formal - is written as a guide
88
What are types of care plans?
Informal Formal Standardized- is a formal plan with specific nursing care for groups of people with common needs Individualized care plan- is tailored to meet the unique needs of the client
89
What is the format for nursing care plans?
Problem/nursing diagnoses Goals/ desired outcomes Nursing intervention Evaluations
90
How do you establish a preferential sequence for addressing nursing diagnoses and interventions
By grouping the diagnosis High- life threatening such as impaired respiratory or cardiac function Medium- health threatening such as acute illness and decreased coping ability Low- developmental needs such as sleep disturbance
91
What is the purpose of goals/desired out comes?
To provide direction for planning nursing intervention Serve as a criteria for evaluating clients progress Enable the client and nurse to determine when problem has been resolved Hep motivate client and nurses by gaining a sense of achievement
92
What four components should the goal/desired outcomes have?
Subject-any part of the client Verb-the action the client is to preform Conditions or modifier- what where when how Criterion of desired performance- time speed accuracy distance and quality
93
What are the different types of intervention?
Independent- nurse can do Dependent- physicians orders Collaborative- whole health care team
94
What is the criteria for choosing appropriate interventions?
``` Safe and appropriate Achievable Congruent with clients values Congruent with other therapies Based on nursing knowledge Within standards of care ```
95
What are the steps to implementing in the nursing process?
``` Reassessing the client Determining the nurses need for assistance Implementing the nursing interventions Supervising the delegated care Documenting nursing activities ```
96
What are the skills needed for implementing?
Cognitive skills- problem solving, decision making, critical thinking, clinical reasoning Interpersonal skills- verbal and non verbal skill that are used while communicating with one another Technical skills- hands on skill such as manipulating equipment
97
What are the steps to evaluating during the nursing process?
Collecting data related to desired outcomes Comparing data with desired outcomes Relating nursing activities to outcomes Drawing conclusions about the problem status Continuing, modifying or terminating the nursing care plan
98
What is a sentinel event?
It is an unexpected occurrence involving the death, physical or psychological injury
99
What is the purpose of a client record?
``` Communication Planning clients care Auditing health care agencies Research Education Reimbursement Legal documentation Health care analysis ```
100
What are the different documentation systems?
``` Source oriented record Problem oriented medical record Problem interventions evaluation PIE Focus charting Charting by exception CBE Computerized documentation Case management ```
101
What can you do to ensure confidentiality of computer records?
Never share password Never leave computer unattended after logging in Never leave client information displayed Shred unneeded documentation Know policies on correcting errors Follow policy on documenting sensitive material Installed firewalls
102
The ANA code of ethics state that it is who's duty to maintain confidentiality of all patients information?
The nurse
103
Joint commission require clinical records include what?
``` Evidence of client care assessment Nursing diagnosis Nursing interventions Client outcomes Current nursing care plan ```
104
Progress notes use the SOAP format which stands for what?
S- subjective data O-objective data A-assessment P- plan I-interventions E-evaluation R-revision
105
What computer system consists of flow sheets?
PIE
106
May a client record provide evidence in court?
Yes
107
What are Kardexes used for?
``` Organizing and recording data Information quickly accessible Pertinent information such a allergies List of medications States goals Needs that can be met ```
108
What are types of reporting?
``` Change of shift Telephone reports Telephone orders Care plan conference Nursing rounds ```

Fundamentals Of Nursing (6 decks)

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