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fundamentals of nursing > Mod 6 > Flashcards

Mod 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange

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2
Q

What function does the nose have in respirations?

A

warms, humidifies, and filters.

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3
Q

What function does the pharynx do in respirations?

A

supplied with tissue that traps and destroys pathogens entering with the air

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4
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

provides speech and maintains airway patency by closing the epiglottis during swallowing.

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5
Q

Trachea and bronchi does what?

A

trap pathogens and microscopic particulate

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6
Q

Cilia does what?

A

facilitate upward movement of foreign particles to the larynx and throat.

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7
Q

When does gas exchange occur?

A

only when air enters the bronchioles and alveol

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8
Q

What is respiratory membrane?

A

a single layer of cells covered by a network of pulmonary capillaries

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9
Q

gas exchange occurs where?

A

Respiratory membrane

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10
Q

What delivers low concentration of O2(24%-45%),at a flow rate of 2-6 LPM?

A

nasal cannula

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11
Q

What delivers 40%-60%oxgen, at a flow rate of 5-8 LPM?

A

simple mask

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12
Q

what delivers 40%-60% O2,at a flow rate of 6-10 LPM?

A

partial rebreather mask

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13
Q

what has the highest oxygen delivery at 95%-100% with a flow rate of 10-15 LPM?

A

non-rebreather mask

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14
Q

A Venturi mask delivers oxygen at what % and what flow rate?

A

24%-50% with a flow rate of 4-10 LMP

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15
Q

What delivers O2 at 30%-50%,with a flow rate of 4-8 LPM?

A

face tent

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16
Q

what is the purpose of an artificial airway?

A

to maintain a patent airway for obstructed airways or potential for obstruction

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17
Q

What type of artificial airways are used for the upper respiratory?

A
  • oropharyngeal

* nasopharyngeal

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18
Q

What type of artificial airways are used for the lower respiratory?

A
  • endotracheal tube

* tracheostomy

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19
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Hypoxia?

A
  • Rapid pulse
  • Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea
  • Increased restlessness or light headaches
  • Flaring of the nares
  • Substernal or intercoastal retraction
  • Cynosis
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20
Q

what is Cynosis?

A

blueish discoloration of the skin, nailbed and mucous membranes due to decreased hemoglobin-oxygen saturation

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21
Q

hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis in which the body try to compensate by blowing off carbon dioxide through deep rapid breathing is referred to as what kind of breathing?

A

Kussmaul’s breathing

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22
Q

rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from deep breathing to very shallow breathing with periods of temporary apnea that is related to cardiac failure, increased intercrainial pressure, brain damage, or drug overdose is called what?

A

Cheyne-strokes

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23
Q

Shallow breths interrupted by apen and is seen in clients with a CNS disorders is referred to as wht kind of breathing?

A

Cluster breathing (Biot’s)

24
Q

If you have a client that has pneumonia what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses ?

A

ineffective airway clearance
or
Impaired gas exchange

25
Q

if you have a client that has tachypnea, bradypnea or apena what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses?

A

ineffective breathing patterns

26
Q

if you have a client who experiences fatigue during ADLs what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses?

A

Activity intolerance

27
Q

Clients with COPD and Cystic fibrosis lack surfactant which causes what?

A

their lungs to collapse

28
Q

what is an example of a bronchodilator?

A

Albuterol- reduces bronchospasm, opens airways, facilitates ventilation

29
Q

what does an anti inflammatory medication do for the respiratory system?

A

decrease edema and inflammation in the airways, allow better air exchange; ex. Advair, Flovent

30
Q

if you have a client with thick mucus that is difficult to cough up what kind of medication would they possible be prescribed?

A

Expectorants because they will help beak up mucus making it more liquid and easier to expectorate. ex Guaifenesin

31
Q

what do Leukotriene modifiers do?

A

bronchodilators, decrease edema in the airways, decreases inflammatory process; ex. Singulair

32
Q

what are some things to take in to consideration when giving cough suppressants such as Robitussin or Triaminic?

A
  • Do not use with excessive amounts of secretions
  • Do not use if you have diabetes
  • Beware of side effects
33
Q

what is the most common and least invasive treatment for OSA?

A

CPAP continuous positive airway pressure

34
Q

What is the most common sleep apnea?

A

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

35
Q

what are risk factors for sleep apnea?

A

male gender
obesity
age over 40

36
Q

If chest tube becomes disconnected from the collecting system, what is the nursing intervention?

A

Submerge 1” end of tube into sterile saline to maintain the seal

37
Q

If the chest tube is inadvertently pulled out, what is the nursing intervention?

A

Cover wound with occlusive dressing

38
Q

When chest tube is removed and no purse-string suture is in place, what type dressing must cover the insertion site?

A

Occlusive Dressing

39
Q

what types of artificial airway are upper airways?

A

oropharyngeal

nasopharyngeal

40
Q

what types of artificial airway are lower airways?

A

endotracheal tube

tracheostomy

41
Q

what protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures?

A

pericardium

42
Q

what is the outer layer of the heart called?

A

epicardium

43
Q

what are the cardiac muscle cells that contract with each beat?

A

myocardium

44
Q

what lines the inside of the heart’s chambers and vessels?

A

endocardum

45
Q

what is the atria?

A

upper chambers of the heart

46
Q

what are the ventricles?

A

lower chamber of the heart

47
Q

what valve-separates the rt. atria and ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

48
Q

what valve-separates the lt. atria and ventricle?

A

bicuspid valve

49
Q

Pulmonary arteries and aorta are separated by what?

A

semilunar valves

50
Q

the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 min is called what?

A

cardiac output

51
Q

what is a normal cardiac output?

A

4 to 8L/min

52
Q

the amount of blood ejected with each contraction is called what?

A

stroke volume

53
Q

what is the natural ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten or contract called?

A

contractility

54
Q

what is the degree to which muscle fibers in the ventricles stretch at the end of the relaxation period (diastole)?

A

preload

55
Q

what is the resistance that the ventricle must overcome during systole to eject blood into circulation?

A

Afterload

56
Q

what are three signs of cardiac arrest?

A

apnea, absence of carotid or femoral pulse

fundamentals of nursing (6 decks)

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