Mod 6

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange

Question 2

What function does the nose have in respirations?

Answer 2

warms, humidifies, and filters.

Question 3

What function does the pharynx do in respirations?

Answer 3

supplied with tissue that traps and destroys pathogens entering with the air

Question 4

What does the larynx do?

Answer 4

provides speech and maintains airway patency by closing the epiglottis during swallowing.

Question 5

Trachea and bronchi does what?

Answer 5

trap pathogens and microscopic particulate

Question 6

Cilia does what?

Answer 6

facilitate upward movement of foreign particles to the larynx and throat.

Question 7

When does gas exchange occur?

Answer 7

only when air enters the bronchioles and alveol

Question 8

What is respiratory membrane?

Answer 8

a single layer of cells covered by a network of pulmonary capillaries

Question 9

gas exchange occurs where?

Answer 9

Respiratory membrane

Question 10

What delivers low concentration of O2(24%-45%),at a flow rate of 2-6 LPM?

Answer 10

nasal cannula

Question 11

What delivers 40%-60%oxgen, at a flow rate of 5-8 LPM?

Answer 11

simple mask

Question 12

what delivers 40%-60% O2,at a flow rate of 6-10 LPM?

Answer 12

partial rebreather mask

Question 13

what has the highest oxygen delivery at 95%-100% with a flow rate of 10-15 LPM?

Answer 13

non-rebreather mask

Question 14

A Venturi mask delivers oxygen at what % and what flow rate?

Answer 14

24%-50% with a flow rate of 4-10 LMP

Question 15

What delivers O2 at 30%-50%,with a flow rate of 4-8 LPM?

Answer 15

face tent

Question 16

what is the purpose of an artificial airway?

Answer 16

to maintain a patent airway for obstructed airways or potential for obstruction

Question 17

What type of artificial airways are used for the upper respiratory?

Answer 17

• oropharyngeal

* nasopharyngeal

Question 18

What type of artificial airways are used for the lower respiratory?

Answer 18

• endotracheal tube

* tracheostomy

Question 19

What are the clinical manifestations of Hypoxia?

Answer 19

• Rapid pulse
• Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea
• Increased restlessness or light headaches
• Flaring of the nares
• Substernal or intercoastal retraction
• Cynosis

Question 20

what is Cynosis?

Answer 20

blueish discoloration of the skin, nailbed and mucous membranes due to decreased hemoglobin-oxygen saturation

Question 21

hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis in which the body try to compensate by blowing off carbon dioxide through deep rapid breathing is referred to as what kind of breathing?

Answer 21

Kussmaul’s breathing

Question 22

rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from deep breathing to very shallow breathing with periods of temporary apnea that is related to cardiac failure, increased intercrainial pressure, brain damage, or drug overdose is called what?

Answer 22

Cheyne-strokes

Question 23

Shallow breths interrupted by apen and is seen in clients with a CNS disorders is referred to as wht kind of breathing?

Answer 23

Cluster breathing (Biot’s)

Question 24

If you have a client that has pneumonia what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses ?

Answer 24

ineffective airway clearance
or
Impaired gas exchange

Question 25

if you have a client that has tachypnea, bradypnea or apena what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses?

Answer 25

ineffective breathing patterns

Question 26

if you have a client who experiences fatigue during ADLs what would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses?

Answer 26

Activity intolerance

Question 27

Clients with COPD and Cystic fibrosis lack surfactant which causes what?

Answer 27

their lungs to collapse

Question 28

what is an example of a bronchodilator?

Answer 28

Albuterol- reduces bronchospasm, opens airways, facilitates ventilation

Question 29

what does an anti inflammatory medication do for the respiratory system?

Answer 29

decrease edema and inflammation in the airways, allow better air exchange; ex. Advair, Flovent

Question 30

if you have a client with thick mucus that is difficult to cough up what kind of medication would they possible be prescribed?

Answer 30

Expectorants because they will help beak up mucus making it more liquid and easier to expectorate. ex Guaifenesin

Question 31

what do Leukotriene modifiers do?

Answer 31

bronchodilators, decrease edema in the airways, decreases inflammatory process; ex. Singulair

Question 32

what are some things to take in to consideration when giving cough suppressants such as Robitussin or Triaminic?

Answer 32

- Do not use with excessive amounts of secretions - Do not use if you have diabetes - Beware of side effects

Question 33

what is the most common and least invasive treatment for OSA?

Answer 33

CPAP continuous positive airway pressure

Question 34

What is the most common sleep apnea?

Answer 34

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

Question 35

what are risk factors for sleep apnea?

Answer 35

male gender obesity age over 40

Question 36

If chest tube becomes disconnected from the collecting system, what is the nursing intervention?

Answer 36

Submerge 1” end of tube into sterile saline to maintain the seal

Question 37

If the chest tube is inadvertently pulled out, what is the nursing intervention?

Answer 37

Cover wound with occlusive dressing

Question 38

When chest tube is removed and no purse-string suture is in place, what type dressing must cover the insertion site?

Answer 38

Occlusive Dressing

Question 39

what types of artificial airway are upper airways?

Answer 39

oropharyngeal | nasopharyngeal

Question 40

what types of artificial airway are lower airways?

Answer 40

endotracheal tube | tracheostomy

Question 41

what protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures?

Answer 41

pericardium

Question 42

what is the outer layer of the heart called?

Answer 42

epicardium

Question 43

what are the cardiac muscle cells that contract with each beat?

Answer 43

myocardium

Question 44

what lines the inside of the heart’s chambers and vessels?

Answer 44

endocardum

Question 45

what is the atria?

Answer 45

upper chambers of the heart

Question 46

what are the ventricles?

Answer 46

lower chamber of the heart

Question 47

what valve-separates the rt. atria and ventricle?

Answer 47

tricuspid valve

Question 48

what valve-separates the lt. atria and ventricle?

Answer 48

bicuspid valve

Question 49

Pulmonary arteries and aorta are separated by what?

Answer 49

semilunar valves

Question 50

the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 min is called what?

Answer 50

cardiac output

Question 51

what is a normal cardiac output?

Answer 51

4 to 8L/min

Question 52

the amount of blood ejected with each contraction is called what?

Answer 52

stroke volume

Question 53

what is the natural ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten or contract called?

Answer 53

contractility

Question 54

what is the degree to which muscle fibers in the ventricles stretch at the end of the relaxation period (diastole)?

Answer 54

preload

Question 55

what is the resistance that the ventricle must overcome during systole to eject blood into circulation?

Answer 55

Afterload

Question 56

what are three signs of cardiac arrest?

Answer 56

apnea, absence of carotid or femoral pulse