Mod West Mid-Term for Chantel and Friends

Question 1

Jacques-Louis David

Answer 1

Frenchman who supported the revolution and later Napoleon, Left France after the fall of Napoleon, Painted history.

Question 2

Vivaldi

Answer 2

Did most of his work in Venice, Composed over 40 operas, Best known for violin concertos.

Question 3

Johann Sebastian Bach

Answer 3

German Lutheran church Musician, Best known to us for his organ, often incorporating hymns. (Von Himmel Koch da komm ice her, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor)

Question 4

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Answer 4

Child prodigy who played for royalty at age five, family traveled playing music Employed by Hapsburg court which brought fame but little money, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik

Question 5

Ludwig Von Beethoven

Answer 5

Considered one of the greatest composers of all time, A transition from Classical music to the later Romantic music, best known for his nine symphonies

Question 6

power & riches of Catholic Church by the 17th century

Answer 6

In some nations like France, the church owned up to 1/3 the land, Many court cases went to ecclesiastical courts, clergy encouraged to obey Rome above their kings.

Question 7

Edict of Nantes

Answer 7

Granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) substantial rights in France.

Question 8

Palace of Versailles

Answer 8

Louis XIV expanded versailles into a palace, adding several other wings

Question 9

Impact of the wars of Louis XIV

Answer 9

Famines and destruction of crops in warfare killed 2 million French people, Louis lost lands he had conquered earlier in his reign, France nearly bankrupt.

Question 10

Presbyterian vs. Anglican Churches

Answer 10

James had been raised in Scottish presbyterian church and Now he became head of Anglican Church, James unsuccessfully tried to get agreement between Anglican and Presbyterian churches.

Question 11

King James Bible

Answer 11

James I Commissioned the King James translation of the Bible

Question 12

English Civil War

Answer 12

Charles controlled Northern England and raised an arm, Parliament controlled London and the South and had militia and control of the navy, The House of Commons put Charles on trial for treason for placing his own personal interest ahead of the country, although the majority of members refused to participate, Charles was found guilty and beheaded in 1649.

Question 13

Puritan laws of English Common wealth

Answer 13

Puritan law passed banning dancing, drinking, theater and forcing Sunday observance .

Question 14

Simon Bolivar

Answer 14

George Washington of south America

Question 15

Jose San Martin

Answer 15

San Martin built a navy to take his army North to Peru, Along with Bolivar was able to free Peru from Spanish Control, Considered Liberator of the South but was not leader of any nation so he retired to Europe

Question 16

Voltaire

Answer 16

Decided that British Constitutional Monarchy was far superior to French Autocracy Advocated: Freedom of religion, Freedom of speech, Separation of church and state.

Question 17

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 17

Tried to uncover the natural laws of government and society, By nature man is greedy and places his desires above others, Social compact is needd

Question 18

John Locke

Answer 18

Each person is born a Tabula Rasa (The rational mind and experiences build a person’s morality) Seen as Father of “Liberalism”

Question 19

Jean Rousseau

Answer 19

Believed man pure by nature but corrupted by society, Developed idea of “Social Contract” (The general will of the people as whole decides the law, Individuals must subordinate their will to the will of everyone as a whole. )

Question 20

Rene Descartes

Answer 20

Frenchman who made greatest claims to fame while working in the Netherlands, Father of analytical geometry, A philosopher who began rationalism

Question 21

Baron Montesquieu

Answer 21

In his histories the theorized that even if great men like Caesar hadn’t existed, others would have taken their place, Most important idea for government was the separation of powers.

Question 22

Adam Smith

Answer 22

Scottish economist and philosopher, idea of a free-market economy, Self-interest and competition can lead to prosperity, Laws of supply and demand will lead markets to equilibrium

Question 23

Galileo

Answer 23

Used newly invented telescope to confirm Copernicus’ theory, Tried to explain the tides as because of motion around the sun, but wrong, Began developing laws of motion.

Question 24

Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 24

Published On the Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs, Proposed a Heliocentric model

Question 25

Issac Newton

Answer 25

Discovered “laws” of science but attributed them to God’s power and maintenance of this world (Laws of motion, theory of gravity, One of the Fathers of calculus, worked with prisms to divide white light into colors and vice-versa)

Question 26

Francis Bacon

Answer 26

Philosopher also involved in English politics, Developed Scientific Method, became an inductive and reasoned manner to do research and study phenomena

Question 27

Antoine Lavoisier

Answer 27

Proved that fire was not an element, Instead discovered the first element - Oxygen

Question 28

Antonie Von Leewenhoek

Answer 28

Using a microscope he discovered bacteria

Question 29

Robert Hooke

Answer 29

Worked under Boyle and discovered living organism made of cells

Question 30

Glorius Revolution

Answer 30

James II Issued Declaration of Indulence to negate laws punishing Catholics and Protestant dissenters, Despite having a larger army, James lost his nerve, tried to throw Great Seal of the Realm into the Thames James fled to France and William and Mary became King and Queen

Question 31

Divisions of Poland

Answer 31

Weak government (Monarch had to be elected, Nobility expanded power with each election of a monarch, A single vote of a noble could veto legislation) Partitioned by Austria, Prussia, and Russia

Question 32

Hapsburgs

Answer 32

Still held title of Holy Roman Emperors, Lands in Austria and Bohemia most strongly under Hapsburg control, Also ruled many other nationalities

Question 33

Four “elements of the Middle Ages”

Answer 33

Earth, Water, Air, Fire

Question 34

Medical belief in four humors,

Answer 34

Black bile, Yellow Bile, Phlegm, and Blood

Question 35

Bloodletting

Answer 35

Belief that four humors must be kept in balance

Question 36

Ptolemaic View of Solar System

Answer 36

Earth at the center planets kept in motion by angels and influenced life on earth

Question 37

Prussian Army

Answer 37

Russian army retreated and refused to fight, Moscow captured, but Russia refused to surrender

Question 38

Makeup of Estates General

Answer 38

1st Estate (The Clergy) 2nd Estate (The Nobility) 3rd Estate (Common People)

Question 39

Bastille

Answer 39

stormed on July 14, 1789

Question 40

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 40

the members of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing “not to separate and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established”

Question 41

Declaration of Rights of Man

Answer 41

All men equal, Religious toleration, taxation on ability to pay.

Question 42

Committee of Public Safety

Answer 42

Maximilian Robespierre headed 12 man committee dominating power, Drafed 800,000 unmarried men between 18 and 25, Attempt to create “republic of Virtue”

Question 43

Effort of Abolish Christianity in Revolutionary France

Answer 43

Republic of Virtue (Ignorance and superstition would be abolished, All would have right to education and basic subsistence, No More extremes of wealth or power, New Calendar and 10 day week created to eliminate Sundays)

Question 44

Napoleonic Code

Answer 44

Created uniform laws for civil cases, All males equal (women could not vote or own property) Freedom of religion, Church and state separate, Individuals free to choose careers,

Question 45

Battle Trafalgar

Answer 45

The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish navies during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napolonic Wars

Question 46

Continental System

Answer 46

Nations in Europe forbidden to t trade with British

Question 47

Elba

Answer 47

Napoleons’s place of exile in 1814-15

Question 48

St Helena

Answer 48

Place of Napoleon Bonaparte’s exile and death

Question 49

Hundred Days of Napoleon

Answer 49

In February 1815 he escaped and returned to France, Soldiers sent to arrest him joined him and he was restored as French Emperor, British and Prussian armies gathered to oppose him, Napoleon defeated again at Waterloo in June 1815

Question 50

Peninsulars

Answer 50

Whites from Spain were political and church leadres

Question 51

Creoles

Answer 51

Whites born in colonies were landowners, merchants, traders

Question 52

Mestizos

Answer 52

People of mixed white and Indian ancestry could be artisans but could not join guild, also were farmers

Question 53

Mulattos

Answer 53

White, Indian and Black ancestry, like mestizos but also had to pay tribute to their rulers

Question 54

Problems in South American governments

Answer 54

Almost all Spanish provinces in Latin America had become independent, Borders not clear which led to further fighting, No strong bonds to tie people to new nations that were created, No governments clearly represented the people which led to numerous coups and ever-changing governments, Political turmoil and other issues continue in many of these nations even today.