HIS 2113 The Modern West: From the Renaissance to WWII Second Exam Study Guide

Question 1

Fredinand II (Holy Roman Emperor)

Answer 1

Habsburg
He started the Re-Catholicization of Bohemia.
Started the 30 years war.

Question 2

Gustavus Adolphus

Answer 2

Swedish

Died in the battle of Lutzen (1632)

Question 3

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 3

Regent of Louis XIV 
Joins the 30 year against the Habsburg
Assigned intendents to each French Province  
Curbed Huguenot autonomy 
Funded Gustavus Adolphus

Question 4

Louis XIV

Answer 4

Absolutism (The King has… Absolute Authority)
Gallicanism (French Catholic church is under the authority of the King rather then the Pope while still remaining Catholic).

Question 5

Ivan III

Answer 5

Grand prince of Mucovy
- Client state of the Mongols
Founded ROSS-I-YA
Expaneded ROSS-I-YA into Europe

Question 6

Peter I

Answer 6

Praised Western Civilization 
Attacked the Russian Orthodox Church 
Built a 200,000 army armed with Muskets and artillery 
Increased Taxes 5 fold
Became a Czar boy in 1696 
Absoultist

Question 7

Charles I (of England)

Answer 7

Was forced to acknolwedge he doesnt have univesral right to levy taxes
intolerant of Protestants and Puritans
-1637 he forced Scottish Presybyterians to use Anglican worship books.
goaded Scotland to invade and lost.
convened the “short parliament”
Cavaliers ( Royalists)

Question 8

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 8

Member of the HOuse of COmmons
beat charles at Naseby
became head of state
disbanded Rump parliament

Question 9

John Locke

Answer 9

argued sovereignty belongs to the poeple, and they should choose to be ruled by a king.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Man by nature is free, can form a government if they want.

Question 10

Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 10

Heliocentricity from Prussia

Greshams Law

Question 11

Johannes Kepler

Answer 11

Planetary Motion,

Scientific Revoltion

Question 12

Galileo Galilei

Answer 12

Heliocentrism
Copernicansim
Two chief world systems
two new sciences

Question 13

Francis Bacon

Answer 13

Attorney General, Lord Chancellor of England
Scientific Method
Father of Empiricism
Inductive reasoning

Question 14

Rene Descartes

Answer 14

Father of Modern western Philosophy
Meditations of first philosphy
Cartesian Co-ordinate system named after him

Question 15

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 15

Philophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Reflecting Telescope

Question 16

Philipp Spener

Answer 16

Lutheran Pietist
Pia Desideria
Live Godly lives

Question 17

John Wesley

Answer 17

Holy Club
Started out as Anglican
Aldergate experience
Founder of Methodism

Question 18

George Whitfield

Answer 18

Sinners in the hands of an Angry God
Evivalism
Venerated by the Episcopal Church
Calvinist

Question 19

Frederick II

Answer 19

Most famous for his reorganization of the Prussian Army,
His success in the Seven years War,
and his patronage of the arts.

Question 20

Maria Theresa

Answer 20

Only Female Habsburg ruler, and consequently the last Habsburg ruler

Question 21

Catherine II

Answer 21

Dethroned her husband and ruled Ross-I-YA
Subsidized French Encyclopaedia
Supported the foundaiton of schools
Ushered in Legal Reform
Expanded Russia's Land holdings
gave relief to the peasantry 
had a bastard child

Question 22

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 22

Observed and Classified Politics

defined Republic, Monarchy, Despot

Question 23

Voltaire

Answer 23

Rule of Law, not men

Candide

Question 24

Jean-Jacque Rousseau

Answer 24

Government is all about equality

disagreed with Monarchy and Aristocracy

Question 25

David Hume

Answer 25

If all we can learn is what we see we wont know the laws of nature.

Question 26

Adam Smith

Answer 26

Wealth of Nations | Father of Capitalism

Question 27

Immanuel Kant

Answer 27

Idealism Cant observe simply by observation Thinking in our mind naturally organizes things led Capernican Revolution.

Question 28

Mercantilism

Answer 28

Limited amount of wealth in the world | A country wants to export, more than import.

Question 29

Puritanism

Answer 29

A group of Anglicans that wanted to "Purify" the Anglican church of the Roman Catholicism in it.

Question 30

Arminianism

Answer 30

Gods foreknowledge of who will choose salvation | Jacob Arminius

Question 31

Pietism

Answer 31

The idea that Living Holy will bring salvation championed by the book Pia Desideria by Spener Use the word more personall confessors reintroduce church meetings Live Godly lives, and good students of the Bible

Question 32

Moravians

Answer 32

Founded by Zinzendorf emphasize blood and side wound of Christ missions all thorughout the world break away from Lutheranism

Question 33

Methodism

Answer 33

Founded by John and Charles Wesley | dabbles in Arminianism and Calvinism

Question 34

Enlightened Absolutism

Answer 34

Rulers who were influenced by the enlightenment | Frederick the Great wrote an essay on it

Question 35

Dutch East India Company

Answer 35

Chartered by Netherlands Government Given ability to write treaties with other countries at peak had 50K employees and 10K soldiers

Question 36

Middle Passage

Answer 36

Part of the Atlantic Slave Trade during this specific passage 10-20% of people died was ran by England, Portugal, and France

Question 37

Deism

Answer 37

God exists, but does not directly interfere or interact with his creation

Question 38

Capitalism

Answer 38

The economic system of a free market that controls prices through supply and demand, authored Adam smith, unlimited wealth in the wold.

Question 39

The Defenstration of prague

Answer 39

Ferdinand II sent a delegation to Bohemia that they were to return to Catholicism and the embassy was stormed by nobles and they were thrown out of windows into a animal pen.

Question 40

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 40

ended war between Protestants and Catholics Allowed Germany to remain individual states, HRE was basically a name only Disolved the hapsburgs family and spain liberated Switzerland and the Dutch

Question 41

Glorious Revolution

Answer 41

``` Parliament asked William of Orange and Mary to come and rule England (they were protestant thats why) Invaded England on behalf of parliament Bloodless war English Bill of Rights Constitutional compromize ```

Question 42

Acts of Union

Answer 42

Britain and Scotland joined by king and parliament

Question 43

War of Spanish Succession

Answer 43

Cause by Charles II being infirm and Louis XIV putting Phillip II on the throne caused a war that allowed ended with Treaty of utrecht, with the netherlands becoming free

Question 44

War of Austrian Succcesion

Answer 44

Precursor of the 7 years war, allowed Maria Theresa to become Archduchess and Prusia kept Silesia

Question 45

Seven years war

Answer 45

First "World Wide War" Started with Washingtons slaughter of a french army in Virgina American Theatre "French and Indian War" European Theater "Austria v Prussia" Other Theaters " India, Carribbean, and Spain vs. England in the phillipines.

Question 46

Treaty of paris

Answer 46

France essentially loses all holdings in America Spain loses Florida and gets part of Louisiana George III limits how far Colonists can go into the frontier to aovid another war like the seven year war.