MOD B Flashcards
NSS
National Security Strategy
Who writes the NSS?
President of the United States
What is the tone of the NSS?
America First
NSS Pillar 1:
Protect the American People, the Homeland, and the American Way of Life
NSS Pillar 2:
Promote American Prosperity
NSS Pillar 3:
Preserve Peace through Strength
NSS Pillar 4:
Advance American Influence
NDS
National Defense Strategy
Who writes the NDS?
Secretary of Defense
Line of Effort 1:
Rebuilding military readiness as we build a more lethal force
Line of Effort 2:
Strengthening alliances as we attract new partners
Line of Effort 3:
Reforming the Department’s business practices for greater performance and affordability
NMS
National Military Strategy
Who writes the NMS?
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Objective 1:
Deter, Deny, and Defeat State Adversaries
Objective 2:
Disrupt, Degrade, and Defeat VEO’s
Objective 3:
Strengthen Global Network of allies and partners
3 factors of instability
- Globalization
- Diffusion of Technology
- Demographic Shifts
Covert Action
Actor is hidden, Act may be known
Clandestine Action
Actor maybe known, Action is hidden
Low-Visibility Operations
Force Protection measure
Overt
Actor and Action is known
Title 10
Armed Forces (US Military Branches)
Title 50
War and national defense. Includes Intelligence entities (CIA, DIA, NSA) Governed by Director of National Intelligence
AUMF
Authorization for Use of Military Force (Congress controls this)
Title 22
Foreign Affairs and Intercourse (Department of State)
Title 32
Assigns homeland defense responsibility to the National Guard (The Governor is in charge of them)
Title 18
Establishes criminal and penal code of the federal gov. (FBI, U.S Marshals)
EXORDS
Executive Order (Comes from the President)
Congress has the power of
the purse and Authorization for Use of Military Force
3 Levels of Warfare
Strategic, Operational, Tactical
Strategic Warfare
set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power (DIME) achieve theater and multinational OBJs.
Operational Warfare
Links strategic and tactical by establishing operational objectives to achieve military end states and strategic objectives.
Tactical Warfare
Employment and ordered arrangement of forces. Where battles and engagements are planned and executed.
President
Powers come from Article 2
Powers:
1. Commander in Chief
2. Nominate Heads of government departments, judges, supreme court justices
3. Issue Pardons for federal offense
4. Convene Congress for a special session
5. Veto legislation
War Powers Resolution
President must notify Congress <48 hours, Remove troops after 60 days
Congress
Article 1
War and Defense Powers
Temporary Authorization
NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act)
Statutory Authorization
All found within Title 10 (127e funds, 322 funds for JCETS, etc)
Combatant Command (COCOM)
Command Authority is NOT transferable, cannot be delegated.
Military Authorities
Can be transferred
ADCON - Administrative control
OPCON - Operational Control
TACON - Tactical Control
ADCON
Authority in respect to admin and support for control of resources, equipment, personnel management, unit logistics, training, readiness
OPCON
Organizing and Employing commands and forces
TACON
Tactical Control - Detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the AO
Two Forces of the Army
Generating Force
Operating Force
Generating Force
Man, train equip, ensures readiness (Recruiting, maintaining, training, etc)
Examples: FORSCOM, TRADOC, AMC, AFC
Operating Force
Consists of units organized, trained, equipped and ready to deploy - Provided to COCOMs based off of capability requirements
Examples: SF, Ranger, Aviation, Corps
DoD
Support and defend the constitution of the US against all enemies foreign and domestic.
Ensure the security of the US, it’s possessions, and areas vital to its interest.
CJCS
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - Principle Military advisor to the president, oversees activities of COCOMS
Two Types of COCOMs
Geographic Combatant Command
Functional Combatant Command
Geographic Combatant Commands
7 -
EUCOM, INDOPACOM, SOUTHCOM, NORTHCOM, SPACECOM, CENTCOM, AFRICOM
Functional Combatant Commands
4.
USSOCOM, CYBERCOM, STRATCOM, TRANSCOM
SOCOM - What makes it unique?
It’s a unified Combatant Command - It performs service-like functions and has military department-like responsibilities and authorities.
TSOC
Theater Special Operations Command - 7
SOCSOUTH, SOCAF, SOCNORTH, SOCEUR, SOCCENT, SOCPAC, SOCKOR
Pres - NSS
National Security Strategy - wirtten by the President, For Developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve OBJs that contribute to National Security
Pres - UCP
Unified Command Plan - Signed by the President, establishes CCMD missions and CCDR responsibilities, addresses assignment of forces, delineates geographic AORs for GCCs, etc.
Pres - CPG
Contingency Planning Guidance - SecDef written, President approved - focuses the guidance given in the NSS and DPG is the principal sole source document for the Joint Strategic Campaign Plan JSCP
SecDef - NDS
National Defense Strategy - A document for applying the Armed Forces of the US in coordination with DoD agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security OBJs.
*The approach to implementing the NSS
SecDef - DPG
Defense Planning Guidance - Direction to the services on what capabilities to prioritize, guidance to CCMDs and which Services will own bases in their AOE, etc.
CJCS - NMS
National Military Strategy - For distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and national defense strategy OBJs.
CJCS - JSCP
Joint Strategic Campaign Plan
- GCP - Global Campaign Plan
- RCP - Regional Campaign Plan
- FCP - Functional Campaign Plan
- CCP - Combatant Command Campaign Plan
CJCS - JSCP Meaning
Provides military strategic and operational guidance for preparation of plans based on current military capabilities.
CCP
Combatant Command Campaign Plan - implements the JSCP written by the CCDR Contains: -AOR Specific -CSCS - Country Specific Security -Cooperation Section -Mission Statement -Theater Assessment -CONPLAN -PLANORDS -EXORDS
National Strategic Direction
Intent of the President, SecDef, CJCS in pursuit of national interests (contained within NSS, NDS, NMS)
Instruments of National Power
Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic
*They are Unified Action - synchronization/coordination to achieve unity of effort
DIME - Diplomatic
State department, Embassies, treaties
DIME - Informational
Disrupting knowledge or information capability IOT influence, create advantage
DIME - Military
Provides use of force or enables others to apply force towards strategic goals
DIME - Economic
Tariffs, sanctions, impose cost
JIIM
Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational
JIIM - Joint
Joint between military service branches
JIIM - Interagency
Multiple agencies (NSA, CIA, State, etc)
JIIM - Intergovernmental
NATO
JIIM: Multinational
- 2 or more nations
- Alliance or coalition
Range of Military Operations - ROMO
- Major Operations and Campaigns
- Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Ops
- Military engagement, security cooperation, and Deterrence
Two Forms of Warfare
Traditional and Irregular
Traditional Warfare
a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states
Irregular Warfare
is defined as a violent struggle among state
and non-state actors for legitimacy and
influence over the relevant populations.
Competition Continuum
- Cooperation
- Competition below armed conflict
- Armed conflict
Competition Continuum - Cooperation
Includes mutually beneficial relationships between strategic actors with similar or comparable interests
IE: FID/SFA
Competition Continuum - Competition Below Armed Conflict
When two or more strategic actors view one another as competitors that have incompatible interests. **Influence and coercion are central to the condition of competition below armed conflict.
Competition Continuum - Armed Conflict
involves the use of force as the primary means by which a strategic actor seeks to satisfy its interests
TSOC - Levels of Command - 1
Theater Special Operations Command
SOJTF - Levels of Command - 2
Task force through which SOCOM will present all theater SOF under one special operations commander.
JSOTF - Levels of Command - 3
Joint Special Operations Task Force - A JTF composed of SOF from more than one Service established to conduct specific operations or in a specific area. O6 Command
SOTF - Levels of Command - 4
Special Operations Task Force - when the JSOTF has numerous and diverse missions he may designate multiple SOTFs. O5 Command
AOB
O4 command, Supports training and tactical operations through mission command for up to 6 ODAs
SOFLE
SOF Liaison Element - Need for one when forces don’t share common operating picture, language barriers, equipment
SOCCE
Special Operations Command and Control Element
ARSOF Pillars
- Indigenous Approach to Operations
- Understanding and Wielding Influence
- Precision Targeting
- Crisis Response
ARSOF Pillars - Indigenous Approach
Low cost, small footprint, sets conditions for CF, politically sensitive
ARSOF Pillars - Understanding and Wielding Influence
- Early understanding of regional or emerging threats
- Engagement develops partner nation relationships
ARSOF Pillars - Crisis Response
HA, HR, CP-WMD, NEO (Non-combatant evacuation operations)
ARSOF Pillars - Precision Targeting
employed against uniquely difficult target sets that may
require operating in uncertain or hostile environments,
careful and focused application of force, and significant
intelligence and operational preparation.
What makes ARSOF a choice for solving complex problems?
Cheap, Small footprint, better trained, culturally aware and trained
Operational Characteristics
Covert - Conceal the Actor
Clandestine - Conceal the Act
Low Visibility - Limit Exposure of Activity
9 Principle SF Tasks - SEPCIAL WARFARE
All involve a PF
- Unconventional Warfare
- Foreign Internal Defense (Internal threats)
- Counter Insurgency
- Security Force Assistance (Internal Or External Threats)
9 Principle SF Tasks - SURGICAL STRIKE
- Special Reconnaissance
- Direct Action
- Counter Terrorism
- counterproliferation of weapons of mass destruction
- Preparation of Environment
FID
Foreign Internal Defense - Comprehensive effort with participation form civilian agencies and military - any activities taken by a host nation government to protect its society from Internal threats
3 Categories:
- Indirect
- Direct Support
- Combat Operations
SFA
Security Force Assistance - Only DoD - Can be external or internal threats - DoD activities that build capacity and capability through OTERA (Organize, Train, Equip, Rebuild, Advise)
OTERA
Organize, Train, Equip, Rebuild, Advise
COIN
Comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to defeat an insurgency and to *address any core grievances
SR
Recon and surveillance conducted as a special operation - capability and equipment not found in CF
DA
Short duration strikes, diplomatically sensitive environments and which employ specialized military capabilities
CT
Actions taken directly against terrorist networks and indirectly to influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks
CPWMD
Counter Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction - CBRN***
PE
Selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special operations - creating conditions for success (OPE< AFO, IO)
What are the topics covered in NSS Pillar 1
- Secure US borders and territory
- Pursue threats to their source
- Keep America safe in the cyber era
- Promote American resilience
What are the topics in NSS Pillar 2
- Rejuvenate the domestic economy
- Promote free, fair, and reciprocal economic relationships
- Lead in research, technology, invention, and innovation
- Promote and protect the US innovation base
- Embrace energy dominance
What are the topics in NSS Pillar 3
- Renew America’s competitive advantage
- Renew capabilities
- Diplomacy and statecraft
What are the topics in NSS Pillar 4
America will use its influence to advance our interests and benefit humanity.
What are the regions covered in the NSS within the “Strategy in a Regional Context”
Indo Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Western Hemisphere, Europe, South and Central Asia.
According to NMS, what factors threaten our world
Globalization, Diffusion of technology. Demographic shifts
What is the authority to conduct intelligence activities
Executive Order 12333
Define Hybrid Threat
The diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, and/or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects.
Define the “Operational level of War”
The diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, and/or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects.
Define the Strategic Level of War
Strategic- Set of ideas for empowering the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater and multinational objectives
Define the Tactical Level of War
Tactical- the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.
Define War
Socially sanctioned violence to achieve a nations goal
Describe the National Defense Strategy
Authored by SECDEF, 3 LOE’s:
- Build a more lethal force
- Strengthen alliances and attract new partners
- Reform the department for greater performance and affordability
Describe the National Military Strategy/3 Objectives
Authored by the Chairman; Joint Chiefs of Staff.
- Deter, deny, defeat state adversaries
- Disrupt, degrade, defeat VEO’s
- Strengthen global networks of allies and partners
