mod 9 Flashcards
chlamidia trachomatis
- obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria
- most common bacterial STI, often asymptomatic
- peri natal transmission
- cause conjuctivitis
- treated w antibiotics such as lincosamides or macrolides …. tetracylines if not pregnant
2 types nisseria species (bacteria)
N. meningitidis (meningococcus) - cause throat infection and meningitis
N. ghonoreaoe (gonnococcus) - cause ghonerea vaginal/cervix infection
Nisseria species bacteria
- gram negative diplococci bacteria
- virulence factors such as LPS endotoxin, polysaccharide capsule, IgA protease
- perinatal trnsmission… eye infection, preterm birth
- cephalosporins (b lactam) or lincosamides.. antibiotics
treponema pallidum
(syphylis)
- gram negative spirochete, motile bacteria
- transmitted in utero and perinatal
- cause deformities, stillbirth, premature birth
- treated with penicillin
escherichia coli (E. coli)
- gram negative, rod shaped, motile bacteria. facultative anerobe (thrive w or w out O2)
- most common cause of uti
- uti can be passed to neonate perinatally
- virulence factors include enterotoxins and pili (in digestive tract, make bacteria)
- can be treated w antibiotics specific to strain
how are streptococcus species subtyped
- ability to lyse RBC (hemolysis) can be alpha (complete), beta (partial) or gamma (none)
- catalase neg and pos ( presence of catalase- enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
- all streptococuss gram pos and in pairs or chains
what 2 antigen factors do beta hemlytic steptococci have
- m protien- virulence factor, portrudes from cell and interferes w phagocytocis
- C carbohydrate in cell wall
2 strepptococci species we talk about
-s. agalactiae
-s. pyogenes
streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
- gram pos Beta hemolytic bacteria
- 20% of women have in vag tract, can be transmitted perinatally
- cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis
- traeted w penicillin (b lactam) or cephalosporins
streptococcus pyogenes
(GABHS)
- gram pos, beta hemolytic
- cause many things
impetigo, acute glomerulonephritis, postpartum sepsis in baby, scarlett fever, pharyngitis (strep throat)
- exototoxins…
3 stapholococcus species
s. aureus
s. epidermis
s. saprophyticus
s. aureus
- highly virulent
- b hemolytic
- aerobic and anerobic metabolism
- A protien in cell wall, capsule
- mostly in nose
- can cause TSS (TS exotoxin) and SSS (exfoliative exotoxin)
- post surgical would infections
- most are resistant to penicilyn- treated w vancomycin (glycopeptide)
s. epidermmis
- normal skin flora
- can cause sepsis in neonates… , opprotunistic infection
- most resistant to penicilin and methicillin (b lactams) - vancomycin (glycopeptide) last option
s. saprophyticus
- UTI in women after intercourse
Clostridium species
- anaerobic
- gram pos, rods
- spores, exotoxins
- highly ressistant
- found in soil and gut
examples
- C. difficile- diahhrea after antibiotics, common in hospitals ___ vancomycin can treat
-C. tetani
- C perfringes (gangreen)
- C botulinium
Mycoplasma/ureaplasma
- cell memebrane but no cell wall, no penicilyn
- facultative anaerobes
- cause non-gonococccal urethritis (inflam of urethra/tract)
- cause pp infection, endometriosis, fever, pelic imflammitory diease, chorioamnionitis- in mom
- cause sepsis, inf, CNS problmes pnemonia in baby
- in utero or perinatal trans
- treat w Tetracycline ab or macrolides
Listeria monocytogenes
- gram neg rod, motile
- from cheese, meat, animals
- mild flu or asympt mom
- cause neonat;l inf, sepsis, death
- treat w ampicylin
Trichomoniasis - protozoan pathogen
- from trichomonas vaginalis
- cause vaginal infamation, discharge, increase PH
- distiguished from bacterial vaginosis by trophozoites
- treat w metronidazole
- preterm labour, low birth wieght, not likely transferred to baby
toxoplasmosis
- cause by toxoplasma gondii - protozoan pathogen
- cat feces or uncooked meat
- most people immune or asympt
- transmitted in utero
- fetus convulsions, death, microcheplay etc
why urogenital tract get infected
- site of entry
- no specific cleansing mechanism
- microtraume increase entry (sex)
why vag cells secret glycogen
- estrogen stimulates
- allows lactobacilli to colonize
- they produuce lactica caid, lowering ph keeping other bacteria from growing
nomal vag secretion of commensal bacetria
10 to the 8 /ml
urethra/ bladder defences
pee
protective layer mucous
inflammitory responses
immune effector cells
why women more UTI than men
shorter urthera
proximity vulva and rectum
