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life sci final > mod 8 > Flashcards

mod 8 Flashcards

1
Q

influenza tramsission type

incubation period and usual symptom duration

A

airborne particles or surafces, respiratory tract

24-48 hours incubation. 4-7 days symptoms

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2
Q

common complications of influenza

A

pneumonia (2ndary lung infection) - with staph. aureus or pneumococcus

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3
Q

influenza treatment

A
  • most people R&R
  • Zanamivir and Tamiflu (antvirals) , shorten disease duration
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4
Q

Influenza and Pregnancy

A
  • mom higher risk for 2ndary lung infection (bacterial pneumonia)
  • does not transfer in utero
  • higher hospitalization rate w H1N1
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5
Q

Influenza structure

A
  • ss RNA
  • nucleocapsid
  • enveloped (lipoprotein)
  • N and H (nauraminidase and hemagglutinin) surface antigens
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6
Q

Influenza targets ( Type A,B,C)

A

A- people, birds,pigs, horses. wild birds are natural hosts. most severe strain for epi/pandemics

B- only humans, less severe

C- mild, only humans

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7
Q

H vs N jobs

A

H- hemagglutinin- binds using sialic acid to innitiate infection,
in vaccines this is what is blocked by antibodies to stop infection

N-use sialic acid to realse and bud from host cell by degrading protective layers of resp tract, antibodies cant stop infectivity but lessens effects of disease

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8
Q

2 types antigenetic variation of influenza

A
  1. antigenetic shifts
  2. antigenetic drifts
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9
Q

what is antigenetic shift

A

major re assortment of genetic material, (influenza A) - can be due to mixing of species - create new stain.. pandemics

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10
Q

what is antigenetic drift

A

small gradual mutation in genes of virus, ( A and B influenza strands), slight change in surface proteins so IS can no longer recognize - why influenza always changing but less severe than antigentic shift

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11
Q

influenza vaccines

A

inactivated froms of A and B strains from previous year to help with bodies immunity, promote herd immunity

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12
Q

CMV

A

cytomegalovirus

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13
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus ( types 1 and 2)

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14
Q

VZV

A

varicella-zoster virus (HSV 3)

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15
Q

EBV

A

epstien barr virus (HSV 4)

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16
Q

HEP

A

hepatitis virus

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17
Q

HTLV

A

human T lymphotrophic virus (type 1)

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18
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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19
Q

ZIKV

A

zika virus

20
Q

herpes viruses. what are the 4 common types and what is their structure

A

HSV1, HSV2, 3- VZV, 4- EBV, CMV

Double-stranded DNA enveloped viruses
- lipid bilayer from the host membrane
- ds DNA
- surface glycoprotiens

21
Q

HSV 1 - herpes labialis
(symptoms, transmission, pregnancy relevence)

A

cold soresblisters

direct or indirect contact, most contantious when a blister ruptures

often reactivates (latent) during pregnancy, rare transmission to fetus in utero, but postnatal infection rates high - can cause skin rash and fever in infant

22
Q

HSV 2
(symptoms, transmission, pregnancy relevance)

A

genital blisters on muscous membranes and skin of genitals

sexual transmission, highest contentiousness prior to blisters

reactivation (latent) during pregnancy, rare in utero transmission, high perinatal infection - rahs and fever but can be treated with antivirals (acyclovir) - after or prophylactically

23
Q

VZV - HSV 3
symptoms, transmission, pregnancy relevency

A
  • chickpox, later in life shingles
  • respiratory secretion or direct contact
  • can cross placenta, unlikely if mom has antibodies
  • life threatening in newborn - varicella-zoster immune globulin cn be used for treatment, screening early in pregnancy but vaccine not available bc its live attenuated type
24
Q

Zoster- why does shingles happen- how cn we prevent

A

virus can reactivate and emerge from immune cells - cause painful vessels of head and trunk, happens during period of immune impression

Varivax (children) Vostavax (adults) - both I’ve attenuated

25
26
EBV (transmission, pregnancy relevence)
- "mono" - through saliva transmission- leads to mononucleosis infectious - subclinical infection in childhood, severe in adulthood ( lethargy, anorexia, glandular fever, enlarged spleen, B cells attack RBC w autoantibodies) - 2-3 weeks, but can become latent and reactivate - not associated w in utero - found in breastmilk but not transferred - difficult to distinguish in newborn
27
CMV (transmission severity, pregnancy)
- infect salivary glands, can lead to respiratory disease - saliva or sexual transmission, organ transplant - reactivation during pregnancy - in utero transmission - severe for infants, CNS dysfunction, deaf, - can be treated w antiviral (acyclovir)- can be prophylactally
28
Hep B structure
ds DNA enveloped
29
Hepatitis
- inflammation of liver - usually caused by virus, exposure to toxin (alcohol), overexposure to drugs (acetaminophen) - can be fatal, acute, chronic
30
six types of viral hepatitis
a b c d e f
31
HBV- transmission
- by blood or sexual contact, inrauterine and perinatal,
32
HBV - acute vs chronic
acute- vomit, fever, jaundice 25% cases chronic- 5-10% - liver disease, hepatocellualr carcinoma newborns infected often become chronic
33
HBV carrier staus/pregnancy
- some peopel carriers for life - 3 vax love 6 mo protect most adults - babies infected in utero also become carriers - HBsAg vax given to infected mothers, this can protect baby and give them antibodies - hep b immune globulin given
34
Provirus b91 (structure, ransmission, pregnancy relevence)
- ss Dna - rash on face - respirtory and in utero transmission - very mild, can be serious lead to fetal anemia or misscarriage <5%
35
name the ds dna virus (5)
- HSV 1 HSV 2 VZV CMV Hep B
36
name the ss dna virus (1)
parovirus B 19
37
name the ssRNA virus' (6)
hep a (HAV) hep c (HCV) hep e (HEV) rubella zika HTLV-1
38
HAV
- ss NON ENVELOPED - acute hep, no chronic or carrier state - mild, fecal oral route - no in utero trans, immuneglobulins given if needed, killed virus vax available and safe
39
40
HCV
- ssRNA ENVELOPED - 50% of choronic liver disease - blood trans, can be in utero or perintal trans - adults traeted w antiviral (ribavirin) - but not in pregnancy bc its a teratogen
41
HEV
ssRNA NO ENVELOPE - fecal oral transmission (E for intestines - enteric) - more severe for pregnant
42
rubella
ssRNA enveloped - resp drobelts or in utero trans skin rash, immunization , not safe during preg disease will be teratogen for infant - heart, lungs, eyes, brain effected
43
HTLV
- ssRNA retrovirus eNVELOPED - sexula, breastmilk trans - supressed IS, babies can develop leukemia, SC probelms etc
44
HIV
ssRNA, retrovirus, ENEVLOPED sexual trans, blood, in utero, perinatal, postnatal aids- destroys CD$ t cells, opprotunistic infections adults can have antiviral treatment but will neevr cure
45
what does retrovirus mean
RNA virus that converts viral RNA to DNA in cell s reverse transcription
46

life sci final (8 decks)

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