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Anatomy & Physiology > Mod 7: Endocrine System Overview > Flashcards

Mod 7: Endocrine System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the two distinct glands that make up the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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2
Q

Gland that exerts more influence over by processes than any other gland

A

Pituitary

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3
Q

Type of tissue making up the anterior pituitary

A

Glandular

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4
Q

Type of tissue making up the posterior pituitary

A

Neuro tissue

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5
Q

Substance from which steroid hormones are made

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine system

A

Hormones

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7
Q

This hormone is made by the beta cells of the pancreas, has the opposite effect of glucagon, and decreases the blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

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8
Q

These glands release their products into ducts, and they empty onto a surface or into a cavity

A

Exocrine

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9
Q

Cells with more of these are more sensitive to hormones influence

A

Receptor cells

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10
Q

What are the 6 hormones released by the hypothalamus

A 
Gonadotropin–releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Prolactin-releasing hormone 
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
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11
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone promotes secretion of

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

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12
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus promotes secretion of what hormone and what does this hormone stimulate?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary, Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

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13
Q

Prolactin stimulates what?

A

Milk production in the memory glands in females. In males, it may make the testes is more sensitive to luteinizing hormone

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14
Q

Growth hormone (GH), or somatotropin, is released by which gland and acts on the entire body to promote what?

A

The anterior pituitary - Promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth

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15
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is released by what gland and what does it stimulate?

A

Anterior pituitary, stimulates the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone is released by which gland, and what does it stimulate?

A

Anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males

17
Q

The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) releases what hormones, and what are their functions?

A 
Oxytocin - Stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (or vasopressin) - Acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration
18
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Lies in the Mediastinum just beneath the sternum

19
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thyroid gland

20
Q

The thyroid gland consists of two large lobes connected by

A

A narrow band of tissue called that isthmus

21
Q

Thyroid tissue is made of tiny sacs called thyroid follicles. The cells lining the sacs secrete which two main thyroid hormones?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

22
Q

Self between the thyroid follicles, called parafollicular cells, secrete another hormone called

A

Calcitonin

23
Q

TSH Released from the anterior pituitary stimulates the release of what hormone from the thyroid gland? What role does this for hormone play?

A

Thyroid hormone - Increases the body’s metabolic rate, which increases heat production

24
Q

Parathyroid glands or in the posterior surface of the thyroid. What hormone do they secrete in response to low blood levels of calcium?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

25
Q

Each adrenal gland is two distinct glands. What are the names of the two glands?

A

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

26
Q

The inner portion of the adrenal gland - adrenal medulla - Consists of what? And what hormones does it secrete?

A

Consist of modified neurons called chromaffin cells (functions as part of the sympathetic nervous system) - secretes catecholamines (specifically epinephrin and norepinephrine)

27
Q

The outer portion - adrenal cortex - consists of three layers of what type of tissue? And what does it secrete?

A

Glandular tissue - each layer secretes a different corticosteroid

28
Q

What are the three classes of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex? And what principal hormone do they secrete?

A 
Mineralcorticoids (outermost layer) - aldosterone
Glucocorticoids (middle layer) - cortisol
Sex steroids (innermost layer) - Include a weak form of androgen that is converted to the more potent androgen testosterone. And small amounts of estrogen
29
Q

What is the role of catelcholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Prepare body for physical activity and boost glucose levels

30
Q

What is your body’s primary stress hormone?

A

Cortisol

31
Q

*The pancreas contains both endocrine and exocrine tissues. What is the difference between the endocrine gland and exocrine gland?

A

Endocrine gland secretes its products directly into the bloodstream – it’s ductless
Exocrine gland had ducts, don’t go directly into bloodstream

32
Q

Exocrine cells, called acini, secrete what into ducts that drain into the small intestine

A

Digestive enzymes

33
Q

Interspersed with the exocrine cells are clusters of endocrine cells called pancreatic islets, or the islets of Langerhans. What are the three main cells contained in the pancreatic islets?

A

Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

34
Q

What hormone do the alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

35
Q

What hormone do the beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

36
Q

What hormone does the delta cells secrete?

A

Somastostatin

37
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from?

A

Cholesterol

38
Q

What two hormones does the thymus secrete?

A

Thymosin and thymopoietin

39
Q

What gland develops the immune system?

A

Thymus

Anatomy & Physiology (20 decks)

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