Mod 6 Quiz 1: DNA and RNA

Question 1

Transformation (bacterial transformation)

Answer 1

One strain of bacteria takes on characteristics of another strain by taking in pieces of DNA (plasmids)

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

Virus that infects bacteria

Question 3

Antiparallel

Answer 3

Side by Side but facing in opposite directions

Question 4

Complementary Nucleotides

Answer 4

Match up according to base pairing rules

Question 5

Semi-Conservative

Answer 5

Description of the process that results in each molecule being 1/2 old and 1/2 new

Question 6

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 6

In any sample of DNA, %A = %T and %C = %G

Question 7

Topoisomerase

Answer 7

relaxes supercoiling in front of the replication fork where strands are separating

Question 8

Helicase

Answer 8

Unzips/separates 2 strands of DNA by breaking its bonds between bases

Question 9

DNA Polymerase

Answer 9

Adds new complementary DNA nucleotides to each original strand; acts as a proofreader.

- needs RNA primers to be added to strands first to know where to add nucleotides
- near the end of replication, RNA primers have to be replaced by DNA nucleotides

Question 10

Ligase

Answer 10

Connects fragments of DNA to each other on the lagging strand

Question 11

Leading strand

Answer 11

can be added to in the 5’ to 3’ direction so DNA polymerase can work continuously

Question 12

Lagging strand

Answer 12

facing other direction; has to be added in segments because DNA polymerase can only work in 5’ to 3’ direction (discontinuous)

Question 13

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 13

The pieces added to the lagging strand that have to be connected to each other by ligase at the end of the process

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

The Process that makes all types of RNA
- tRNA and rRNA can get reused a few times
- mRNA needs to be remade fresh every time a cell needs protein

Question 15

RNA Polymerase

Answer 15

Adds RNA nucleotides (adds RNA primers in DNA replication)