Mod 1 Quiz 2: Biomolecules Flashcards
What is an Organic Substance
A substance that contains C-C bonds/ C-H Bonds (e.g. C6H12O6/ Glucose)
What is an inorganic substance
no C-C or C-H bonds (e.g. H2O)
What are the 6 molecules that are essential to life
C - Carbon
H - Hydrogen
O - Oxygen
N - Nitrogen
S - Sulfur
P - Phosphorus
What is special about the 6 essential molecules (Hint: Think Water Cycle)
They all cycle through various parts of the earth
Monomers
Small building blocks for polymers
Polymer
Larger molecule made of multiple monomers; monomers are repeating units
Macromolecules
large molecules (polymers)
what are the 4 macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Condensation Reaction
covalent bonds form and water is released. Puts smaller molecules together to make larger molecules
Hydrolysis Reaction
Water is consumed and covalent bonds break. Breaking larger reactant down into smaller products.
Water is a reactant and the smaller molecules are the products.
The building blocks for carbohydrates?
Polysaccharide
The building blocks for polysaccharides?
monosaccharides
Tryglyceride
1 glycerol + 3 fatty Acids
Saturated Fats
Carbon has max number of single bonds with hydrogen. studies show they are not as healthy for you. Solid at room temp.
Unsaturated Fats
There is at least one double bond between two carbons. Liquid at room temp
Trans Fats
unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to be solid at room temperature (aka hydrogenated oils) (worse for humans than saturated fats)
Amphiphatic
A molecules that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
Phospholipid
modified tryglyceride with a phosphate instead of one of the fatty acids. main component of the cell membrane. Amphiphatic
In an amino acid, what 4 things stick off of a carbon.
- Amino Group (NH2)
- Carboxyl Group (COOH)
- Hydrogen
- R Group (determines type of amino acid)
Peptide Bonds
- bonds between amino acids
- special kind of covalent bond
- form between Carboxyl Group (COOH) and Amino group (NH2)
Polypeptide
- a chain of amino acids
- only used for levels 1 and 2 of protein structure
Protein
- 1 or more polypeptides that have a certain structure and function
- only called protein at levels 3 and 4
Disulfide Bonds
- Bonds that can form at the tertiary level of protein structure.
- bonds between 2 ‘R’ groups that contain sulfur
Disaccharide
2 monosaccharides bound
Denaturation
Changes caused to the proteins structure that make it no longer function.
Causes:
Heat (very specific temp range for proteins)
pH (outside of optimal range for proteins)
What’s another word for Condensation reactions
dehydration synthesis
What’s another word for trans fat
hydrogenated oils
