Mod 4 Quiz 1: Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

Chemical Reaction

Answer 1

Process that involves breaking bonds, rearranging atoms, making new bonds (ionic/covalent)

Question 2

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 2

Absorbs any type of energy overall
- amount of energy is lower in the reactants than in the products
-ex) Endothermic Reaction - heat energy absorbed overall

Question 3

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 3

• Releases any type of energy overall
  -reactants will have more energy; products will have less
• ex) exothermic reactions - heat energy is released overall

Question 4

Catalyst

Answer 4

Anything that speeds up a chemical reaction (ex. heating, stirring, various chemicals)

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

A type of catalyst, usually made from proteins, that can be found in all living things

Question 6

Activation Energy

Answer 6

Amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction happen

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

reactants in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme

Question 8

Active Site

Answer 8

The place on the enzyme where the substrate attaches and chemical reactions happen.

Question 9

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 9

Involves breaking things down
ex) hydrolysis: polymers into monomers
ex) cellular respiration: glucose broken down to get energy out
-exergonic reactions

Question 10

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 10

Involves building things
ex) condensation reaction: monomers to polymers
ex) photosynthesis: building glucose from light energy and other molecules
- endergonic reactions

Question 11

Lock and Key Model

Answer 11

Active Site has a certain, unchanging shape. Substrate fits into the shape of the active site like a key fits into a lock

Question 12

Induced Fit Modes

Answer 12

Active Site has a certain shape that can change to fit the shape of the substrate that attaches to it

Question 13

Denaturation

Answer 13

When a proteins shape is changes and can no longer function; can be permanent or not

Question 14

Cofactor (coenzyme)

Answer 14

Any substance that helps an enzyme
- could be inorganic ions
- some are vitamins or vitamin derivatives
- can be bound to enzyme permanently or not

Question 15

inhibitor

Answer 15

any substance that reduces or stops enzyme activity
- can be reversible or irreversible
- competitive or non-competitive

Question 16

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 16

Compete with other substrates for the Active Site

Question 17

Non-Competitive (Allosteric Inhibitor)

Answer 17

Attach themselves to another place on the enzyme (allosteric site) which changes the shape of the active site and prevents substrates from attaching to it

Question 18

Allosteric Site

Answer 18

Place on the enzyme where non - competitive inhibitors attach themselves (NOT ACTIVE SITE)