Mod 6 Flashcards
Built Environment, Work-Related Exposures, Outdoor Air Quality, Healthy Homes, Water Quality, Food Safety and Waste Management.
Environmental health
Built environment
everything we have made and done
more walkable increase physical activity
pollution = health risks
Work exposures
toxic poisoning, machine-operation, electrical hazards, motional injury
Outdoor air quality
Ozone most common –> asthma, lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease
Asthmatic people most vulnerable to
sulfur dioxide
Environmental Protection Agency (1970)
health surveillance and monitoring in regards to environmental hazards, setting standards for air and water quality; evaluating environmental risks; screening new chemicals and establishing, and evaluating and enforcing regulatory efforts.
CLEAN WATER AIR AND PREVENT DISASTERS
Occupational Safety/Health Administration
safe working conditions, set/enforce standards
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
safe use of radiation materials
Enviro Hazards
Individual
simple
Enviro Hazards
Population
overcrowing increases communicable disease
Critical Theory
ID and awareness to environmental threats that affect safety/well-being
changing individual behaviors does not lead to significant reductions in overall morbidity and mortality
Critical theory + Social vulnerability index
Healthy People 2030 Environmental Health Objectives
Reduce exposure to lead, arsenic, mercury
Reduce disease and deaths r/t heat
Reduce toxins, hazards, unhealthily air
Increase safe water
Increasing of temperature concerns
increase in ozone –> increase lung/cv disease
worse in urban
overwhelmed during heat waves
increase vector-borne disease
How would a nurse facilitate community involvement?
educational forums
needs assessment
disseminate research
legislative change
Disaster management
Primary
prevent exposure/workplace incident
Disaster management
Secondary
screen for exposure
Disaster management
Tertiary
treat
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
a systematic, proactive way for all levels of government and non governmental agencies to work seamlessly together to prevent protect against, respond to, recover from, and prevent the effects of disasters.
Nurses role in disasters?
disaster plan, valueable information for preparedness/response/recovery
Disaster
an event that causes any level of destructiveness or injury -
multiple casualty event
ffecting more than 2 but less than 100 persons
mass casualty event
100 or more individuals
direct victim
someone who is immediately affected by the event
Displaced persons
have to evacuate their homes, schools and businesses as a result of the disaster. The evacuation is hopefully temporary - think hurricane or flood victims.
Refugees
represent groups of people who have fled their homes or even their country as a result of famine, drought, natural disaster, war or civil unrest.
indirect victim
family member, friend and or often a first responder
natech (natural-technological) disaster
technological disaster triggered by a natural disaster.
For example, an oil refinery fire in Tohoku, Japan was triggered by an earthquake and tsunami.
Disaster frequency
how often disaster occurs, d?w?y?d?
Disaster predictability
ability to determine when and where (floods vs fires)
Disaster Preventability/Mitigation
the actions that you take to minimize the loss of life and property by lessening the impact of the disaste
Disaster Imminence
the speed of onset relative to the extent that a forewarning is possible.
Eg. hurricane
Disaster Intensity
the level of destruction and devastation of the disaster event various hurricane and tornado scales have been developed on the basis of wind intensity and predicted level of destruction.
Local Government
first responders responsible for incident management
State government
disaster overwhelms
Federal government
Prevent terrorism and enhance security
Ensure resilience to disasters
National Terrorism Advisory System
advises the public of a threat alert indicating whether there is an elevated threat (no specific information about timing or location) or imminent threat (impending or very soon)
CDC disaster
ensure that clean drinking water, food, shelter, and medical care are available for those affected
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
offer temporary housing
repair/replace homes, disaster-caused expenses/serious needs, mitigation assisten
Public Health Department
primary agencies and offer advice/assistance
Mitigation
before a disaster is imminent
Digging water channels to redirect water and planting vegetation to absorb water.
Constructing levees or permanent barriers to control flooding.
Building structure that can sustain hurricane force winds.
Preparedness
Planning, training, education activities for events
train first aid, ER kits
AUTHORITY, COMMUNICATION, LOGISTICS
Response
evacuation/shelter
search/rescue
triage
Triage
greatest good in shortest test time
START triage systemp
Yellow Triage
walking wounded or those with minor injuries who can wait several hours before receiving treatment
Green Triage
systemic but not yet life threatening complications who can wait 45 to 60 minutes.
Red Triage
considered top priority. In other words, these individuals have life threatening conditions however, they can be stabilized and have a high probability of survival.
Black Triage
deceased/unable to save
Recovery
after disaster passed, cleanup, restoration
