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INFC 215 > Mod 6 > Flashcards

Mod 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a SUD?

A

Single Use Device - it is an item that can only be used once and then gets disposed

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2
Q

What are the 4 principle methods of inhibiting growth/ destorying microscopic life forms?

A
  1. Sterilization
  2. Disinfection
  3. Sanitation
  4. Cleaning
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3
Q

Define sterilization

A

Sterilization destroys all microscopic life forms; is an absolute term meaning an object is either sterile or not sterile (no in between)

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4
Q

Define disinfection

A

Eliminates recognized pathogens but not all microbial forms. Usually applies to non living/ inanimate objects

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5
Q

Define antisepsis

A

Disinfection of tissue (skin or mucous membrane)

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6
Q

Define sanitation

A

Sanitation is the removal of pathogenic micro organisms from non living / inanimate objects by using mechanical or chemicals

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7
Q

Define cleaning

A

Cleaning is the removal of foreign material (like soil or body secretion). Often soap and water is used

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8
Q

Define the suffix “cidal”

A

Suffix means death; germicide - kills bacterial

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9
Q

Define the suffix “static”

A

It means that the micro organism is “frozen”/ halt in its present state; can no longer grow but is not killed (bacteriostatic)

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10
Q

What are the 3 major ways of sterilization in health care settings?

A
  1. Incineration
  2. Autoclave
  3. Ethylene Oxide
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11
Q

What objects/ equipments/ devices must be sterilized?

A

Objects/ equipment/ devices that comes into contact with sterile fluids or tissue or internal body

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12
Q

What is an effective way of terminal sterilization?

A

Incineration - material sterilized by incineration cannot be used again

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13
Q

How do autocalves work?

A

Autoclaves work by sterilizing objects/ equipment with steam under pressure and heat (sort of like a pressure cooker)

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14
Q

How long does it takes for an autoclave to sterilize?

A

15 minutes

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15
Q

What happens after the load gets sterilized in the autoclave?

A

The items are either removed immediately or is left to dry in the warm chamber

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16
Q

How do we check to see if the autoclave is sterile or not? How often is the sterility of an autoclave checked?

A

The sterility of an autoclave is checked using bacterial spores ; test results takes several of days; can also use a rapid autoreader . The tests are done daily/ weekly

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17
Q

How is ethylene oxide used as a sterilization method?

A

ETO is used as a gas sterilization method

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18
Q

What items can be sterilized with ethylene oxide?

A

Items that cannot withstand heat - like plastics

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19
Q

What is the down side of sterilizing with ethylene oxide (2 things)?

A
  1. Ethylene oxide sterilization method is slow and expensive
  2. Ethylene oxide is toxic to human tissue, so the items sterilized with ethylene oxide must be aerated before use
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20
Q

True or false, there is no one chemical that is the ideal disinfectant

A

True

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21
Q

Name 3 desirable properities of disinfectants

A

Broad spectrum, rapid action, non toxic, odorless, non destructive, residual action, user friendly, economical

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22
Q

What is Spaulding’s classification?

A

It is a classification system to determine the level of disinfectants required

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23
Q

In Spaulding’s Classification, there are 3 levels of disinfection. What are the 3 levels and define what they are

A
  1. Critical items - Items that come into contact with sterile tissue and must be sterile
  2. Semi - critical items - Items that come into contact with mucous membrane/ body surface; have to be free of pathogens but not sterile
  3. Non - critical items - Surfaces like counter tops, beds that come into contact with skin; should not have any bacteria on them
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24
Q

How are disinfectants classified?

A

Disinfectants are classified according to their level of germicidal action

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25
Q

What is the most resistance micro organism?

A

Bacterial spores

26
Q

What are the 3 levels of disinfectants and what can they not kill?

A
  1. Low level disinfectant - cannot kill fungi, non lipid virus, tubercle bacilli and bacterial spores
  2. Intermediate level disinfectant - cannot kill non lipid virus and bacterial spores
  3. High level disinfectant - can kill all
27
Q

What is an example of a low level disinfectant?

A

Detergents and soaps (detergent is a better wetting agent)

28
Q

Name 4 examples of intermediate level disinfectants

A
  1. Alcohols
  2. Chlorine containing agents (bleach)
  3. Iodine / Iodophores
  4. Phenolic Componds
29
Q

Give 2 examples of high level disinfectants

A

1.Glutaraldehyde (disinfectant time = 10 mins; sterilization time = 10 hours; must rinse with water before using)
2. Per oxygens

30
Q

What are the 3 ways of mechanical disinfection?

A
  1. Pasteurization (killing micro organisms at moist heat and low temperature)
  2. Filtration
  3. Micro Fiber cloths
31
Q

What cannot pasteurization not kill?

A

Spores

32
Q

At what temperature and how much time is needed for pasteurization?

A

75 - 77 degree Celsius and for 30 minutes

33
Q

What are the 2 types of filtration to remove micro organisms?

A
  1. Membrane filters - micro organisms get stuck on the surface of a thin filter with small pores
  2. HEPA - high efficiency particulate air filter - micro organisms gets remove as air travels through the filter
34
Q

How do microfiber cloths remove micro organisms?

A

The are designed to trap micro organisms in the fibers (some have silver for antimicrobial properties)

35
Q

What are 3 more ways of microbial control?

A
  1. UV Radiation
  2. Radiation (irradiation, microwave and strong visible light)
  3. Moist Heat (boiling) (10 minutes)
36
Q

What is UV effective at inactivating?

A

UV is effective at inactivating viruses

37
Q

What is resistant to UV?

A

Endospores

38
Q

How long does it take for boiling water to destroy vegetative cells/ fungi/ protozoal parasites?

A

10 minutes

39
Q

What does sepsis mean? What does aseptic mean?

A

Sepsis means infection. Aseptic means without infection

40
Q

What is another terminology for aseptic technique?

A

Sterile technique

41
Q

Where is the highest amount of microbes found?

A

In/ on people>moist areas>dry areas

42
Q

Where is there the least amount of microbes?

A

In the air

43
Q

What is another terminology for aspepsis technique?

A

Sterile technique

44
Q

Mechanical

Destroys pathogens, but not spores. May be used for some tubing. Used for milk

A

Pasteurization

45
Q

Mechanical

Used to remove micro-organisms from liquids such as pharmaceuticals

A

Membrane filters

46
Q

Mechanical

Used to remove micro-organisms from air by trapping them on fibres

A

HEPA filters

47
Q

Mechanical

Used to remove micro-organisms from surfaces by trapping them in fibres

A

Microfibre cloths

48
Q

The sun is a natural souce. Used on surfaces such as those in the operating room. Does not pass through glass or plastic

A

UV light

49
Q

Used to destroy pathogens in spices and on food (especially on meats)

A

Ionizing radiation

50
Q

Uses water heated to 100 C. May not kill spores

A

Boiling water

51
Q

Sterilization

Destroys pathogens but not spores. Maybe used for some tubing. Used for milk

A

Autoclave

52
Q

Sterilization

Items are burned

A

Incineration

53
Q

Sterilization

Good for heat sensitive plastics

A

Ethylene oxide

54
Q

Chemical Disinfectant

Low level - good wetting agents

A

Soaps/ detergents

55
Q

Chemical Disinfectants

Low level often used in combination with other products; might allow growth of gram negative organisms

A

Quats

56
Q

Chemical Disinfectants

Intermediate level. Often used as a 70% concentration for skin antisepsis

A

Alcohols

57
Q

Chemical Disinfection

High level - A liquid that may be used to sterilize heat sensitve items. Has toxic fumes. Must be rinsed off

A

Glutaraldehydes

58
Q

Chemical Disinfection

High level - May be used to sterilized complex items such as endoscopes. Active ingredients are hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid

A

Peroxygens

59
Q

Chemical Disinfection

Intermediate - Often used in disinfectant soaps. May be used in low concentrations such as oral rinse

A

Phenolics

60
Q

Chemical Disinfection

Intermediate - Must be diluted and made fresh daily (1/10). May corrode metals. Good surface disinfectant

A

Chlorine/ bleach

61
Q

Chemical Disinfection

Intermediate - Often used for the pre-operative skin disinfection, may be allergenic

A

Iodine

INFC 215 (7 decks)

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