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INFC 215 > Mod 6 > Flashcards

Mod 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four principle methods for inhibiting growth and destroying microbes?

A
  1. Sterilization
  2. Disinfection
  3. Sanitation
  4. Cleaning
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2
Q

What is sterilization?

A

It destroys all forms of microbial life

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3
Q

Something can be “sort of” sterile. (T/F)

A

False! It’s either sterile or not! Absolute terms

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4
Q

What does disinfection mean?

A

When referring to the elimination of all pathogens but not all microbial forms on INANIMATE objects

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5
Q

What does terminal disinfection mean?

A

It describes a procedure that is carried out after the patient has left the procedure area

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6
Q

What does antisepsis mean?

A

Disinfection of tissue (usually skin or mucous membrane)

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7
Q

What does sanitation mean?

A

Removal of pathogenic microorganisms from inanimate objects by mechanical or chemical means

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8
Q

What’s a main object that the term sanitation is describing?

A

Process eating utensils and dishes

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9
Q

What’s the difference between sanitation and disinfection?

A 
Disinfection = usually chemical 
Sanitation = mechanical OR chemical
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10
Q

What are the three methods of sterilization?

A
  1. incineration
  2. autoclave
  3. ethylene oxide
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11
Q

What are some examples of used materials that require sterilization before disposal?

A

wound dressings and discarded lab cultures

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12
Q

What do dry heat (hot air ovens) do?

A

It penetrates substances slowly compared to moist heat

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13
Q

What are hot air ovens used to sterilize?

A

metal objects, glassware, and sterilizing oils and powders

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14
Q

How long do you keep the items in a hot air oven if the temperature is 171c?

A

1 hour

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15
Q

How long do you keep the items in a hot air oven if the temperature is 160c?

A

2 hours

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16
Q

How long do you keep the items in a hot air oven if the temperature is 121c?

A

16 hours or longer depending on the volume

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17
Q

What does incineration mean?

A

To burn or reduce to ashes

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18
Q

What are some examples of material that is suitable for incineration?

A
  • used needles and syringes
  • IV sets
  • used gloves
  • discarded bandages
  • discarded lab cultures
  • blood samples
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19
Q

what is an autoclave?

A

a well-controlled pressure cooker that uses steam under pressure to kill microorganisms

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20
Q

In an autoclave, the pure steam yields what temperature?

A

121c

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21
Q

Since autoclaves use moist heat, how long will it take to kill microbes?

A

15 minutes

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a safety valve on an autoclave?

A

to allow steam to escape if the pressure exceeds safety limits

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23
Q

What are the three strips on a spore control?

A

1) positive growth control (not autoclaved)

2/3) into the autoclave, then incubated in a broth medium to see if the autoclave actually works

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24
Q

What does a fluoresce reading indicate?

A

autoclave isn’t working properly

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25
Q

what does no fluoresce indicate?

A

autoclave is working properly

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26
Q

How long does a sterilization cycle with the use of ETO sterilizers?

A

up to 8 hours followed by a minimum of 24 hours at room temp

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27
Q

What are some desirable properties of disinfectants?

A
  • broad spectrum
  • rapid action
  • resistance to inactivation by other material
  • non-toxic
  • odorless
  • non-destructive
  • residual action
  • user friendly
  • economical
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28
Q

What are the three categories of Spaulding’s classification for inanimate materials?

A
  1. critical items
  2. Semi-critical items
  3. non-critical items
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29
Q

What are critical items?

A

Items that come into contact with normally sterile human tissue; these are items that need to be sterile

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30
Q

What are semi-critical items?

A

Items that come into contact with non-sterile mucous membranes/body surfaces; need to be free of pathogens, but don’t need to be sterile

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31
Q

What are non-critical items?

A

Items that come into contact with skin but not mucous membranes; surfaces need to be free of pathogens that can cause infections when inhaled

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32
Q

How are disinfectants usually classed?

A

In accordance to their level of germicidal action

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33
Q

What are some examples of least resistant microbes?

A

vegetative bacteria, lipid viruses, fungi, non-lipid viruses and tubercle bacilli

34
Q

What are the most resistant types of microbes?

A

bacterial spores

35
Q

What do low level disinfectants kill?

A

Vegetative bacteria and lipid viruses

- not expected to kill fungi

36
Q

What do intermediate level disinfectants kill?

A

vegetative bacteria, lipid viruses, fungi, and tubercle bacilli
- not expected to kill non-lipid viruses or spores

37
Q

What do high level disinfectants kill?

A

vegetative bacteria, lipid viruses, fungi, non-lipid viruses, tubercle bacilli and bacterial spores AT AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME

38
Q

What does pasteurization kill?

A

vegetatitve bacteria, viruses and fungi

39
Q

What is the temperature at which pasteurization is done at?

A

75c-77c

40
Q

what level of disinfection does pasteurization do?

A

intermediate level disinfection

41
Q

What shouldn’t women consume while pregnant to prevent possible ingestion of ___?

A

unpasteurized cheese, Listeria

42
Q

What are the two main types of filtration?

A

Membrane and HEPA

43
Q

What are membrane filters?

A

very thin filters with small pores that cause microbes to get stuck on the surface of the filter

44
Q

What are HEPA filters?

A

they’re thick filters that have convoluted passages for air to flow through

45
Q

Items that are sterilized with liquid chemicals are ____.

A

Critical items

46
Q

When residues aren’t removed with sterile water, the item will be called _____.

A

semi-critical

47
Q

Soaps and detergents act as _____ agents and they ____ surface tension.

A

Wetting agents and reduce surface tension

48
Q

What are some examples of low level disinfectants?

A

soap and detergents, quatenary ammonium

49
Q

What are some examples of intermediate level disinfectants?

A

alcohols (~70%), chlorine-containing, iodophores, complex phenolic compounds

50
Q

What are some examples of high level disinfectants?

A

glutaraldehyde, peroxygens

51
Q

What is the wavelength range of UV radiation?

A

40-390 nm

52
Q

What is the most effective UV wavelength to kill microorganisms?

A

200 nm

53
Q

How does UV radiation kill microorganisms?

A

It damages their DNA and proteins

54
Q

What do radiation, microwave radiation and strong visible light do?

A

They are used to control microbial growth

55
Q

What does boiling water do?

A

It destroys vegetative cells of most bacteria, fungi and protozoal parasites

56
Q

How long does it take for boiling water to kill certain microbes?

A

10 minutes

57
Q

Can boiling water kill viruses?

A

No–it only inactivates it

58
Q

What does aseptic mean?

A

without sepsis = without infection

59
Q

What is another term for aseptic technique?

A

sterile technique

60
Q

What’s the ranking for places you are likely to find the highest number of bacteria to least?

A

in or on a person > moist areas, dry areas > air

61
Q
  • Destroys pathogens, but not spores
  • May be used for some tubing
  • Used for milk
A

pasteurization

62
Q

Used to remove microorganisms from liquids such as pharmaceuticals

A

membrane filters

63
Q

used to remove microorganisms from air by trapping them on fibres

A

HEPA filters

64
Q

used to remove microorganisms from surfaces by trapping them in fibres

A

microfibre cloths

65
Q
  • The sun is a natural source
  • used on surface such as those in operating rooms
  • does not pass through glass or plastic
A

UV light

66
Q

used to destroy pathogens in spices and on food (especially meats)

A

ionizing radiation

67
Q
  • uses water heated to 100c

- may not kill spores

A

boiling

68
Q
  • destroys pathogens, but not spores
  • may be used for some tubing
  • used for milk
A

autoclave

69
Q

items are burned

A

incineration

70
Q

good for heat sensitive plastics

A

ethylene oxide

71
Q

intermediate

  • often used in disinfectant soaps
  • may be used in low concentrations as an oral rinse
A

phenolics

72
Q

intermediate

  • must be diluted fresh daily (1/10)
  • may corrode metals
  • good surface disinfectant
A

chlorine

73
Q

intermediate

- often used for pre-operative skin disinfection, may be allergenic

A

iodine

74
Q

high level

  • liquid that may be used to sterilize heat-sensitive items
  • toxic fumes
  • must be rinsed off
A

glutaraldehydes

75
Q

high level

  • may be used to sterilize complex items such as endospores
  • active ingredients are hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid
A

peroxygens

76
Q

low level

- good wetting agents

A

soaps/detergents

77
Q

low level

  • often used in combo with other products
  • might allow growth of gram negative organisms
A

quats

78
Q

intermediate level

- often used as a 70% concentration for skin antisepsis

A

alcohols

79
Q

What does incineration do?

A

burning the materials at a high temperature

80
Q

What does an autoclave do?

A

steam under pressure; moist heat

81
Q

What is ethlyene oxide?

A

a gas sterilization method; no heat

82
Q

What are the cons of ETO?

A

it’s toxic to human tissue

it’s also time consuming and expensive

INFC 215 (6 decks)

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