Mod 4 Lesson 2

Question 1

A gerundive is a ____ _____. It has _____ endings.

Answer 1

verbal adjective. -us/-a/-um

Question 2

Technically, the gerundive is the ____ _____ participle.

Answer 2

future passive

Question 3

How to form the gerundive

Answer 3

Drop the -re from the 2nd pp, add -ndus, and then decline like a 1st/2nd decl. adj.

Question 4

The gerund is a ____ ____ (like in the English sentence “I lower my cholesterol by running”.

Answer 4

verbal noun

Question 5

The Latin gerund is formed like the _____, however, it only exists in _____ gender, and has no ______ forms or plurals.

Answer 5

gerundive, neuter, nominative

Question 6

Since gerundives are _____, you usually see them agreeing with a noun. Since gerunds are _____, they can stand alone and have a grammatical role in a sentence.

Answer 6

adjectives, nouns

Question 7

The most common use of the gerundive is in an idiom called the _____ __ _______ (or, even worse, the “passive periphrastic”).

Answer 7

gerundive of obligation

Question 8

Gerundive of obligation example: amandus vir

Answer 8

translates as “man who will be loved”, but it shades over into “man who should/must be loved”.

Question 9

For the gerundive of obligation, the gerundive, and the noun it agrees with, are in _____ case. The verb is a form of _____. Any tense is allowable.

Answer 9

nominative, sum

Question 10

If you want to express someone by whom the action must be done, this, uniquely, goes in ____ case. So, “militibus castra defendenda sunt” means

Answer 10

DATIVE, “The camp must be defended by the soldiers”

Question 11

The gerundive of obligation CANNOT be made with a _____. If you ever see one that seems to have no noun, that’s just because you are mentally adding man/men, woman/women, or thing/things to the sentence, depending on the number and gender of the gerundive. You can do that with ____ Latin adjective.

Answer 11

gerund, any

Question 12

Either the gerund or the gerundive can also be used in a variety of idioms with prepositions, such as: ad/in + accusative, using a gerund/gerundive expressing purpose. Ex: ad discendum=

Answer 12

”in order to learn”

Question 13

Either the gerund or the gerundive can also be used in a variety of idioms with prepositions, such as: causā + genitive gerund/gerundive=”for the sake of X”. Ex: viros interficiendi causa=

Answer 13

“for the sake of killing men”

Question 14

Gerund use examples: pueri se exercuerunt natando

Answer 14

The boys exercised by swimming. Ablative of instrument.

Question 15

Gerund use examples: ars regendi periculosa est

Answer 15

The art of ruling is a dangerous one. Genitive.

Question 16

It would seem to stand to reason that there should be a nominative gerund, to use in the Latin equivalents of sentences like “Dancing is beautiful”, - however, for these kinds of sentences, Latin instead uses the ____ as if it was a noun. You could say ___ ____ ___ for “Dancing is beautiful”.

Answer 16

infinitive, saltare pulchrum est