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PN NUR 180 > MOD 4 - Hematology, Immunity/HIV > Flashcards

MOD 4 - Hematology, Immunity/HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

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2
Q

Protect against infection

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

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3
Q

Participate in clotting blood

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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4
Q

What are the three blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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5
Q

What is the name of the plasma component

A

Water

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6
Q

Circulates blood cells and noncellular components
Contributes to blood pressure
Relocates to other fluid compartments as needed

A

Water

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7
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulin
Clotting Factors

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8
Q

Affects intravascular osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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9
Q

Plasma protein that participates in clotting blood

A

Fibrinogen

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10
Q

Carries other protein substances

A

Globulin

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11
Q

Convert a loose blood clot to a stabilized blood clot

A

Clotting factor

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12
Q

Nutrients of blood components

A

Glucose
Amini acids
Lipids
Vitamins
Electrolytes
Hormones
Wastes(carbon dioxide, drug metabolites

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13
Q

Provides a source of immediate energy

A

Glucose

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14
Q

Provide components for cell growth and repair

A

Amino Acids

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15
Q

A reserve for cellular energy in the absence of glucose

A

Lipids

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16
Q

Participate in essential physiologic functions

A

Vitamins

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17
Q

Facilitate a variety of biochemical actions

A

Electrolytes

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18
Q

Perform multiple endocrine functions.

A

Hormones

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19
Q

Prevent toxicity when biotransformed and excreted

A

Waste(carbon dioxide, drug metabolites)

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20
Q

Anemia S/S (inadequate RBC Volume)

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Thready pulses
Oliguria
Heart Murmur

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21
Q

Normal range RBC count for Men

A

4.6-6.2 (million/mm3)

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22
Q

Normal range RBC count for Women

A

4.2-5.4 (million/mm3)

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23
Q

Normal range WBC count for Men

A

5,000-13,000 (per mm3)

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24
Q

Normal range RBC count for Women

A

5,000-10,000 (per mm3)

25
Q

Normal range Platelet count

A

150,000-450,000 (per mm3)

26
Q

Increased immature lymphocytes
Normal or decreased granulocytes
Decreased erythrocytes
Decreased platelets

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

27
Q

Same as “ALL,” erythrocytes and platelet counts may be normal or low

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

28
Q

Decrease in all myeloid-formed cells:
–monocytes
–granulocytes
–erythrocytes
–platelets

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

29
Q

Same as “AML,” a greater number of normal cells than in the acute form

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

30
Q

Classification of Lymphedema

A

Grade 1 (Mild)
Grade 2 (Moderate)
Grade 3 (Severe)

31
Q

Grade 1 (Mild)

A

Circumference of the affected limb is 2 cm, but not more than 4 cm larger than the unaffected limb; the patient is asymptomatic

32
Q

Grade 2 (Moderate)

A

Circumference of the affected limb is 4 cm but not more than 8 cm larger than the unaffected limb;
symptoms:
Heaviness in the limb
Pain
Limited movement

33
Q

Grade 3 (Severe)

A

Circumference of the affected limb is 8 cm greater than the unaffected limb, involves the entire limb
symptoms:
Infection or cellulitis
Inflammation of connective tissue in or close to the skin

34
Q

Lymphomas

A

Hodgkin
Non-Hodgkin

35
Q

Four types

36
Q

Two peaks of onset: ages 15-40 years and older than 55

37
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

38
Q

40% of affected clients test positive for Epstein-Barr virus

39
Q

B-cell origin

40
Q

Usually starts in lymph nodes above the clavicle
Commonly in the neck and chest
15% are below the diaphragm
Spreads downward from the initial site

41
Q

More orderly growth from one node to adjacent nodes
More curable

42
Q

Thirty subtypes

A

Non-Hodgkin

43
Q

Peaks after age 50

A

Non-Hodgkin

44
Q

No Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Non-Hodgkin

45
Q

More common in industrial countries
Common among clients with immunosuppressants

A

Non-Hodgkin

46
Q

B and T cells origin

A

Non-Hodgkin

47
Q

Common in the abdomen and tonsils
Can develop in areas other than lymph nodes (e.g., brain, nasal passages)

A

Non-Hodgkin

48
Q

Less predictable growth
Spreads to extranodal sites
Less Curable

A

Non-Hodgkin

49
Q

Stages of Hodgkin Disease

A

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

50
Q

Single lymph node region

51
Q

Two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphragm

52
Q

Lymph nodes regions on both sides of the diaphragm, but extension is limited to the spleen

53
Q

Bilateral lymph nodes affected and extension includes spleen plus one or more of the following;
Bones
Bone Marrow
Lungs
Liver
Skin
Gastrointestinal structures

54
Q

Types of Lymphocytes in immune response

A

T - Cells
–Regulator T Cells
—-Helper T cells
–Suppressor T Cells
—-Effector T Cells
—-Cytotoxic T Cells
B - Cells
–Plasma cells
–Memory cells

55
Q

Recognize antigens
Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

A

Helper T Cells

56
Q

Turn off an immune response

A

Suppressor T cells

57
Q

Bind to and destroy invader cells
Stimulate the release of lymphokines

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

58
Q

Produce antibodies

A

Plasma Cells

PN NUR 180 (8 decks)

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