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PN NUR 180 > MOD 1 Cardiovascular Meds > Flashcards

MOD 1 Cardiovascular Meds Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

Decrease the amount of water in the bloodstream - decreasing blood pressure

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Diuretics

  • Blocks angiotensin that constricts blood vessels
  • help to decrease salt and water in the body
  • decrease heart workload and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart and organs
  • given in combination with diuretics to treat HTN
  • Side Effects: hypotension, proteinuria, hyperkalemia, persistent dry cough, angioedema - severe

Captopril, Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - ACE

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3
Q

Diuretics

  • Blocks effects of angiotensin (vasoconstriction, sodium, and water retention)
  • Few side effects
  • NOT TO BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS WITH LIVER FAILURE

Losartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan)

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (Blockers)

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4
Q

Diuretics

  • Blocks calcium from entering muscles of the heart and arteries - causes a decrease in the contraction of the
    heart - dilates arteries
  • Used to treat dysrhythmias and HTN
  • Used to treat migraines and Raynaud’s disease

Dilitazam (cardizem), Verapamil (Calan), Norvasc

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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5
Q

Diuretics

  • Block receptors in the arteries and smooth muscle - relaxes blood vessels and increases blood
  • Not typically used as a first-line antihypertensive
  • Clonidine (Catapress)
A

Alpha - Blockers

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6
Q

Diuretics

  • Works directly to relax blood vessel walls
  • Used to treat HTN in emergencies
  • SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, headache, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia
  • Hydralazine, minoxidil (Loniten), Nipride
A

Direct Vasodilators

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7
Q

Antidysrhymic Drugs

  • Increase cardiac blood flow
  • Decrease heart rate
  • Increase heart contraction
  • Cardioversion to NSR
  • Maintain NSR after cardioversion
  • Amniodarone (Cordarone)
A

Potassium Channel Blockers - V-Tach, V-Fib, convert from A-Fib to SR

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8
Q

Antidysrhymic Drugs

  • Slow conduction through the SA and AV nodes - decreasing heart rate
  • Artery dilation
  • Blood pressure is lowered
  • Blood flow and oxygen to the heart is increased
  • Diltiazem (Cardizem), Verapamil
A

Calcium Channel Blockers - SVT

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9
Q

Antidysrhymic Drugs

  • heart rate and cardiac output are increased
A

Atropine - Bradydysrhymias

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10
Q

Antidysrhymic Drugs

  • Heart rate is decreased, causing the heart to regain an organized rhythm
A

Digoxin - A-Fib

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11
Q

Antidysrhymic Drugs

  • Helps to slow ventricular contraction
  • Given Rapid IV push - stop the heart to “reset.”
  • Must be given while pt is on close RN and Tele Supervision - code cart should be nearby
A

Adenosine - SVT

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12
Q

Antianginal Drugs

  • Cause generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation
  • Increase blood flow through vessels
  • Reduces myocardial ischemia but can cause hypotension
A

Nitrates

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13
Q

Antianginal Drugs

  • Block effects of epinephrine
  • Decrease heart rate, which then lowers blood pressure

Metoprolol, Labetalol, Atenolol

A

Beta Blockers

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14
Q
  • Heart Failure
  • Preload - Fluid volume status - anything that affects the blood in getting back to the heart (how much volume is in the body)
  • Afterload - How hard is it to get fluid out of the ventricle - pulmonary vascular resistance - pressure in the aorta
  • Ejection fraction - % of blood pumped with each contraction
A

Cardiac Glycosides

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15
Q
  • Work to increase the force of each heartbeat
  • Slows the overall heart rate to allow the heart to fill with blood and make each beat more effective.
  • Apical heart rate must be checked daily before dose. Hold medication if the heart rate is less than 60
  • The antidote for dig toxicity is DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB (Digibind)

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Cardiac Glycosides

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16
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs

  • Interfere with blood clotting by blocking the action of thrombin
  • Monitor PTT - for the provider’s desired anticoagulation level
  • Given to reduce the chance for thrombus or in treatment of the present clot
  • Given IV for acute care and sub Q in the abdomen for prevention and maintenance
  • Pt is at increased risk for bleeding

Heparin, Lovenox

A

Thrombin Inhibitors

17
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs

  • Decrease production of clotting factors in the liver
  • One of the most commonly prescribed anticoagulants
  • Monitor INR for the provider’s desired anticoagulation level
  • Monitor for excessive bleeding, warfarin-induced necrosis, and many drug absorption interactions to be aware
    of.
  • Only available orally

Coumadin (Warfarin)

A

Clotting factor Synthesis Inhibitors

18
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs

  • Used in the management of primary and secondary prevention of clots in the brain and cardiovascular
    systems.
  • Increase clotting times and decrease the aggregation of clot formation
  • Pt must be off Plavix for five days before any surgical procedure.
  • Great risk for bleeding

Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Antiplatelet Agents

19
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs

  • Used to open clogged arteries and to unclog PICC lines
  • Used for thrombus in stroke and MI patients
  • Available only IV

Altepase (Activase), Streptokinase, Urokinase

A

Thrombolytics

20
Q

Antihyperlipidemic

  • Very effective medications at reducing LDL levels in the bloodstream
  • Decrease the rate of cholesterol production in the body
  • Increase the rate of lifer removal of LDL in the body
  • Monitor renal and liver function during administration
  • Side effects: may cause some GI upset, joint pain, Monitor urine output and color

Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Pravastatin (Pravachol), Simvastatin (Zocor)

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors “Statins”

21
Q

Antihyperlipidemic

  • Binds to cholesterol, which decreases the amount of cholesterol pooled in the liver
  • Increases the rate of fat removal from the bloodstream
  • Used to relieve the pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction
  • Side Effects: may decrease the absorption of vitamin K - Bleeding or binding with Coumadin in the intestines -
    increased clotting, Monitor INR
  • May interfere when taking fat-soluble vitamins
  • Available in a powder (add water) oral suspension

Cholestyramine (Questran)

A

Bile Acid Sequestrants

22
Q

Antihyperlipidemic

  • Activates cell lipid receptors used to break down cholesterol
  • Increase cholesterol excretion in the bile
  • Side Effect: indigestion, heartburn
  • Coagulation tests renal and liver enzymes need to be monitored

Gemfibrozil (Lopid), Fenofibrate (Tricor)

A

Fibrates

23
Q

Antihyperlipidemic

  • Not only lowers cholesterol but is a B Vitamin
  • Often given with other antilipemic drugs to enhance the lowering effects
  • Side Effects: Flushing, Gout
  • Available OTC
A

Niacin

PN NUR 180 (8 decks)

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