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PN NUR 180 > MOD 3 Neurology > Flashcards

MOD 3 Neurology Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

follows a sudden neuro event
the client is critically ill
focus on stabilizing the patient
prevent further damage
respiratory support

A

Acute Phase of neurological deficit

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2
Q

Pharmacological management
–Agitation - Lorazepam; Haldol
–Dementia - Aricept
Nutrition
–Finger foods; frequent feedings; encourage fluids
Safety

A

Alzheimer’s Disease - Nursing / Medical Management

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3
Q

Early Stage
–Mild Memory lapse
–Decreased attention span
Second Stage
–obvious memory lapse
Third Stage
–Total disorientation to person, place, time
–Apraxia, wandering
Terminal Stage
–Severe mental and physical deterioration

A

Alzheimer’s Disease - S/S

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4
Q

No Cure, palliative treatment
Pharmacological management
–Antipsychotics
–Antidepressants
–Anti-choreas
Safe environment
Emotional support
High-calorie diet

A

Huntington’s Disease - Nursing / Medical Management

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5
Q

Inflammation process involving the facial nerve
Herpes Simplex Virus

A

Bell’s Palsy - Etiology / Pathophysiology

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6
Q

Pharmacological Management
–Corticosteroids
–antiviral medication
Electrical stimulation
Moist heat
Massage of the affected area
Facial exercise

A

Bell’s Palsy - Nursing / Medical Management

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7
Q

Facial numbness or stiffness
Drawing sensation of the face
Unilateral weakness of the facial muscle
Reduction of saliva
Pain behind the ear
Ringing in the ear or other hearing loss

A

Bell’s Palsy - S/S

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8
Q

Accumulation of pus within the brain tissue

A

Brain Abscess - Etiology / Pathophysiology

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9
Q

Antimicrobial therapy
Supportive care

A

Brain Abscess - Nursing / Medical Management

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10
Q

Headache
Fever
Drowsiness
Changes in LOC
Seizures

A

Brain Abscess - S/S

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11
Q

some neuro events are chronic and progressive
prevent complications
environmental changes
home care
facility placement
coping
socialization

A

Chronic Phase of neurological deficit

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12
Q

No specific treatment
–Meds to enhance function as long as possible
Symptoms management
–Baclofen (Lioresal)
–Steroids
Nutrition
Skincare
Activity
Environmental controls
Patient teaching

A

Multiple Sclerosis - Nursing / Medical Management

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13
Q

Aura
Status Eplilepticus
Postictal period

A

Epilepsy / Seizures - S/S

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14
Q

Viral or Autoimmune Reaction
Schwann cells are attacked

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Etiology / Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Plasmapheresis
Supportive therapy
–Neurontin
–Mechanical Ventilation
–Gastrostomy Tube
–Meticulous skincare
–ROM exercises
–Monitor respiratory distress

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Nursing / Medical Management

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16
Q

Progressive paralysis
Starts in the lower extremities
Moves upward
May stop at any point
Respiratory failure
Difficulty swallowing, breathing, and speaking

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome - S/S

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17
Q

Overactivity of dopamine
Genetically transmitted - 50%

A

Huntington’s Disease - Etiology / Pathophysiology

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18
Q

Chorea (involuntary, irregular, and brief muscle contractions)
Ataxia to immobility
Hallucinations, delusions present

A

Huntington’s Disease - S/S

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19
Q

Drowsiness
Confusion
Restless
Personality changes
Dull headache
Vomiting

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure - ICP
Early S/S

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20
Q

Increase in any content of the cranium
–Tumor or Hemorrhage
Space-Occupying lesions
Cerebrospinal problems
Cerebral edema
NEEDS TO BE DETECTED EARLY

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure - ICP
Etiology/Pathophysiology

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21
Q

Unresponsive
Dilated pupils
Seizures
No response to painful stimuli
Cushing Triad

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure - ICP
Late S/S

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22
Q

Elevate HOB 30-45
Neck in neutral position
Restrict fluid intake
Administer stool softener
Place Foley
Suction only as necessary
O2 as necessary
Monitor body temp
Limit coughing
Communicate with family

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure - ICP
Nursing Management

23
Q

Treat cause (if possible)
Pharmacological Management
–Osmotic Diuretic
–Corticosteroids
–Anticonvulsants
–Benzodiazepines
Mechanical decompression
–Craniotomy/Craniectomy
Internal monitoring device

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure - ICP
Medical Management

24
Q

Pharmacological management
–Manage ICP
–Antibiotic
—-Massive Doseses
—-Multiple Types
—-IV or intrathecal
–Antipyretics
Dark, quiet room
Meningococcal Vaccine

A

Meningitis - Nursing / Medical Management

25
Q

Motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord gradually degenerate.
Electrical and chemical messages originate in the brain do not reach the muscles to activate them

A

Lou Gehrig’s Disease - ALS
Etiology / Pathophysiology

26
Q

NO CURE
Rilutek (Riluzole)
Emotional support

A

Lou Gehrig’s Disease - ALS
Nursing / Medical Management

27
Q

Weakness of the upper extremities
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Muscle wasting
Compromised respiratory function

A

Lou Gehrig’s Disease - ALS
S/S

28
Q

Acute infection of the meninges
Bacterial or aseptic
Increased incidence in winter and fall months

A

Meningitis - Etiology/Pathophysiology

29
Q

Headache
Stiff neck
irritability
restlessness
Malaise
Nausea / Vomiting
Delirium
Elevated
–Temp
–Pulse
–Respirations
Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs

A

Meningitis - S/S

30
Q

Autoimmune Disease
Triggered by a defective gene
Degenerative with permanent demyelination of the myelin sheath

A

Multiple Sclerosis - Etiology / Pathophysiology

31
Q

Blurred vision
Muscle weakness
Incontinence
Incoordination - Dysmetria
Dysphasia

A

Multiple Sclerosis - S/S

32
Q

Autoimmune
Weakness during activity
Strength restored with rest
antibodies attack acetylcholine receptor sites

A

Myasthenia Gravis - Etiology / Pathophysiology

33
Q

Pharmacology Management
–Plasmapheresis
–Anticholinesterase drugs
—-Prostigmin
—-Mestinon
–Corticosteroids
–Immunosuppressants
May require mechanical ventilation

A

Myasthenia Gravis - Nursing / Medical Management

34
Q

Ptosis(eyelid drooping)
Diplopia
Mask-like facial expressions
Bowel and bladder incontinence
Weakness with repetitive movements

A

Myasthenia Gravis - S/S

35
Q

Muscle relaxants
Protect from falls
Assess skin integrity
Positioning
Sit up and tuck chin when eating
Encourage patient to assist with ADLs
Emotional Support

A

Neurological Deficit - Nurse/Medical Management

36
Q

Flaccid
Hyperreflexic
clumsiness/incoordination
abnormal gait

A

Neurological Deficit - S/S

37
Q

Pharmacological management
–Sinemet (levodopa-carbidopa)
Surgery
–Deep brain stimulation
Activity
Nutrition

A

Parkinson’s Disease - Nursing / Medical Management

38
Q

Muscular tremors
Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Propulsive gait
Emotional instability
Heat intolerance
Decreased blinking
“Pill-rolling” motions of fingers

A

Parkinson’s Disease - S/S

39
Q

keep client stable
environmental changes
prevent complications
rehabilitation

A

Recovery Phase of neurological deficit

40
Q

Spinal shock
Autonomic dysreflexia
Pressure ulcers
Respiratory infections
Urinary and fecal Impactions
Spasticity and contractures
Calcium depletion
Urinary calculi
Pain

A

Spinal Cord Injury - Complications

41
Q

Automobile / Motorcycle accidents
Athletic Accidents
Violence
Falls
Fracture of vertebra
Cord Compression
Hematoma
Complete vs. Incomplete cord injury

A

Spinal Cord Injury - Etiology / Pathophysiology

42
Q

Long term Management
–Functional Electrical stimulation
–Treadmill training
–Tendon transfer surgery
–Cell transplantation

A

Spinal Cord Injury - Medical / Surgical management

43
Q

Initial Treatment
–Immobilization; cervical; collar; traction, halo
–Realignment for fractures or dislocations
–Surgery for spinal decompression
–Corticosteroids

A

Spinal Cord Injury - Medical / Surgical management

44
Q

Anticonvulsant medication
Surgery
–Removal of brain tissue where seizure occurs

A

Epilepsy / Seizures - Medical Management

45
Q

Protect pt
Adequate rest
Good nutrition
Avoid alcohol
Avoid operating machinery
Avoid swimming
Good oral hygiene
Medic alert tag

A

Epilepsy / Seizures - Nursing Management

46
Q

Thrombosis
Embolism
Cerebral Aneurysm
ISCHEMIA OF THE BRAIN TISSUE

A

Stroke - Etiology / Pathophysiology

47
Q

Thrombosis or embolism
–Thrombolytics - TPA
–Heparin and Coumadin
Decadron

A

Stroke - Medical Management

48
Q

Neurological checks
Nutritional alterations
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Communicating with patients

A

Stroke - Nursing Management

49
Q

Headache
Sensory deficit
Hemiparesis
Hemiplegia
Aphasia
–Expressive
–Receptive

A

Stroke - S/S

50
Q

Involuntary contractions of a group of muscle
Partial Seizures
–Dont usually lose consciousness
Generalized Seizures
–Involve the entire brain

A

Epilepsy / Seizures - Etiology / Pathophysiology

51
Q

Tegretol
Surgical resection of the trigeminal nerve
Avoid stimulation of the face on the affected side

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia - Nursing / Medical Management

52
Q

Acute Phase
Recovery Phase
Chronic Phase

A

What are the phases of neurological deficit?

53
Q

Pressure on the trigeminal nerve

A

Trigeminal neuralgia - etiology / pathophysiology

54
Q

Excruciating burning facial pain

A

Trigeminal neuralgia - S/S

PN NUR 180 (8 decks)

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