Mod 4: Adverse Reactions & Immune Defects Flashcards
A disorder or condition where the immune system has reduced function or is absent & can be traced to the failure of one or more parts of the immune system
Immunodeficiency
Deficiency:
- present from birth
- fetus don’t usually survive
- defects in innate or adaptive
- B-cell, T-cell, compliment, phagocytic, combines B&T-cell
Primary Immunodeficiency
Deficiency: -acquired -result from environmental factors Causes: -chemo -immunosuppressant meds -contracting chronic infection -Developing Cancer
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to all infectious agents
- compromised lymphocytes
- ex: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
B- & T-cell deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to bacteria infections
- compromised Proteins C1 & C9
- ex: Hereditary angioedema (HAE)
Complement Deficiencies
Immunodeficiency: -susceptible to viruses, protozoan, fungal infections -compromised cell-mediated immunity -ex: DiGeorge Syndrome ~3-4months after birth
T-cell Deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to frequent, severe bacterial & fungal infections
- compromised innate immunity
- ex: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Phagocytic Deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to bacterial infections (encapsulated bacteria)
- compromised antibodies
- ex: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLG)
- occurs ~7-9months old
B-cell deficiency
4 thinks ART & HAART do
- reduces amount of HIV in body
- protects immune system
- prevents HIV advancing to AIDs
- reduces risk of HIV transmission
The immune system is overactivated and attacks healthy cells and tissues
Autoimmunity
Immunosuppressant:
-kills T-cells
ex: Prednisone
provides relief for inflamed areas of the body
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressant:
-Blocks T-cell responses
ex: cyclosporine
prevents rejection in those receiving transplanted organs
Immunophilin
Immunosuppressant:
-Kills T-cells non-specifically
ex: antilymphocyte globulin (monoclonal antibodies)
prevents acute rejection in organ transplants
Lymphocyte-depleting Therapies
Immunosuppressant:
-blocks cell division non-specifically
ex: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
treats cancer by slowing or stopping cell growth
Cytotoxic Drugs
Immunosuppressant side effects:
Nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hirsutism, hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia
Immunophilin
