Mod 4: Adverse Reactions & Immune Defects Flashcards
A disorder or condition where the immune system has reduced function or is absent & can be traced to the failure of one or more parts of the immune system
Immunodeficiency
Deficiency:
- present from birth
- fetus don’t usually survive
- defects in innate or adaptive
- B-cell, T-cell, compliment, phagocytic, combines B&T-cell
Primary Immunodeficiency
Deficiency: -acquired -result from environmental factors Causes: -chemo -immunosuppressant meds -contracting chronic infection -Developing Cancer
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to all infectious agents
- compromised lymphocytes
- ex: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
B- & T-cell deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to bacteria infections
- compromised Proteins C1 & C9
- ex: Hereditary angioedema (HAE)
Complement Deficiencies
Immunodeficiency: -susceptible to viruses, protozoan, fungal infections -compromised cell-mediated immunity -ex: DiGeorge Syndrome ~3-4months after birth
T-cell Deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to frequent, severe bacterial & fungal infections
- compromised innate immunity
- ex: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Phagocytic Deficiency
Immunodeficiency:
- susceptible to bacterial infections (encapsulated bacteria)
- compromised antibodies
- ex: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLG)
- occurs ~7-9months old
B-cell deficiency
4 thinks ART & HAART do
- reduces amount of HIV in body
- protects immune system
- prevents HIV advancing to AIDs
- reduces risk of HIV transmission
The immune system is overactivated and attacks healthy cells and tissues
Autoimmunity
Immunosuppressant:
-kills T-cells
ex: Prednisone
provides relief for inflamed areas of the body
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressant:
-Blocks T-cell responses
ex: cyclosporine
prevents rejection in those receiving transplanted organs
Immunophilin
Immunosuppressant:
-Kills T-cells non-specifically
ex: antilymphocyte globulin (monoclonal antibodies)
prevents acute rejection in organ transplants
Lymphocyte-depleting Therapies
Immunosuppressant:
-blocks cell division non-specifically
ex: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
treats cancer by slowing or stopping cell growth
Cytotoxic Drugs
Immunosuppressant side effects:
Nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hirsutism, hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia
Immunophilin
Immunosuppressant side effects:
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach ache, diarrhea, darkening of skin/nails
Cytotoxic drugs (cyclophosphamide)
Immunosuppressant side effects:
nausea, vomiting, hair loss, tiredness, dizziness, chills, headache, mouth sores, sores in lungs, increased risk of skin infection, sun sensitivity, rash, stuffy or runny nose and sore throat, low blood cell levels
Cytotoxic drugs (methotrexate)
Immunosuppressant side effects:
osteoporosis, hirsutism, hypertrichosis, diabetogenic
Corticosteroids
Hypersensitivity Reactions:
- Immediate/Anaphylaxis
- Allergic Reactions
Type I
Hypersensitivity Reactions:
-Cytotoxic
-Blood Diseases
(transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of newborn)
Type II
Hypersensitivity Reactions:
-Immune complex-mediated
-Contribute to development of autoimmune diseases
(systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis)
Type III
Hypersensitivity Reactions:
- Delayed-Type
- Skin Reactions (contact dermatitis)
Type IV
