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HM 101 > Mod 4-6 Quiz > Flashcards

Mod 4-6 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Relationship b/t social/behavioral science and public health

A
  • Share belief that understanding organization and motivation behind social factors coupled with behavior of people can improve lives (individual and society)
  • Address inequalities that developed during Industrial Revolution for social justice
  • Shape norms, enforce patterns of social control
  • Encourage selection of healthy behaviors as a coping strategy
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2
Q

Great Economic Wealth

A

Healthier living conditions, improved sanitation, safer methods for cooking

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3
Q

Higher education level

A

Encourage safe behavior, provide protection against disease

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4
Q

Lower socioeconomic status

A

Exposed to health hazards

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5
Q

Socioeconomic status and racism affect health

A

Living conditions, education opportunities, educational opportunities for women, exposures, access to goods, family size, high-risk behavior

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6
Q

Culture and how affects health

A
  • Food preferences
  • Beliefs about exercise
  • Health-care seeking behaviors
  • Social support
  • Acceptance of traditional or Western medicine
  • Adherence to treatment
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7
Q

Religion and how affects health

A
  • Attitudes towards condom, alcohol, tobacco
  • Prohibition of blood transfusions or abortions
  • Encourage coping strategies like prayer
  • Food avoidance
  • Response to diseases and interventions
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8
Q

Role of theory in health behavior

A
  • Explore factors within social systems, offering strategies that can be used to alter these factors to address health issues within a population
  • How a new idea, product, social practice is spread and adopted to a population
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9
Q

Social determinants of health

A

Social status, social support/alienation, food, housing ,education, work, stress, transportation, place, access to health services

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10
Q

Health Belief Model

A

a person’s belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease along with the belief in the effectiveness in the required behavior change or action will predict the likelihood a person would change the behavior

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11
Q

4 P’s of Social marketing

A
  • Product: identifying the behavior or innovation that is being marketed
  • Price: identifying the benefits, the barriers, and financial costs
  • Place: identifying the target audiences and how to reach them
  • Promotion: organizing a campaign or program to reach the target audiences
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12
Q

Branding to implement 4 p’s

A
  • Words and symbols that help the target audience identify with the service
  • Clear understanding of the product or behavior to be changed
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13
Q

Stages of Change Model

A

Stage 1: Pre-contemplation
- individual not considering change, assess readiness for change
Stage 2: Contemplation
- person thinks about health risk and action required to reduce risk, no action is planned yet (motivate change)
Stage 3: Preparation
- Intends to take action, prepare and develop plan change
Stage 4: Action
- observable changes with potential relapse, reinforce change (suggest tangible rewards)
Stage 5: Maintenance
- works to sustain the behavior change, practice methods for keeping up new behavior

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14
Q

2 strategies when public health education is not effective

A
  • Motivation: use of incentives (ex. increases insurance rates for those unvaccinated)
  • Obligation: laws that obligate acceptance (vaccine mandates for entry into K-12)
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15
Q

Police Power

A
  • Use of authority that allows states to pass legislation and take actions to protect the common good
  • Limited by rights
    • US Constitution grants individual rights
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16
Q

Negative Constitution

A

Principle that the US Constitution allows but does not require government to act to protect public health or to provide healthcare services

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17
Q

Interstate Commerce Clause of US Constitution

A
  • Provides federal government with authority to tax, spend, and regulate interstate commerce
18
Q

Constitutional Law

A

a form of law based on US constitution of constitution of a state

19
Q

Legislative Statutes

A

type of law that includes statutes passed by legislative bodies at federal, state, local levels

20
Q

Administrative Regulations

A

type of law produced by executive agencies of federal, state, and local governments

21
Q

Judicial Law (common law)

A

law made by courts when applying administrative law to specific cases

22
Q

Healthy People

A
  • Large # of private and public organizations
  • Sets evidence-based national objectives aimed at improving the health of the population
  • Allows us to monitor progress toward achieving health people and pops
  • “Need to attain health equity to improve-health outcomes”
22
Q

Market Justice

A
  • Market forces should be relied upon to organize the delivery of healthcare services, based on ability to pay
  • Health care -> economic good
  • Medical care distribution based on people’s ability to pay
  • Individual well-being
22
Q

Social Justice

A
  • Aims to provide fair treatment and fair share of reward of society to individuals or groups
  • Health care -> social resource
  • Ability to pay not important, equal access is most important
  • Community well-being
23
Q

Self Imposed Risk

A
  • Risk an individual knowingly and willingly takes on through his or her own actions
  • Ex. choosing not to wear a motorcycle helmet
23
Q

Imposed Risk

A
  • Risk to individuals and populations that is out of their direct control
  • Ex. toxins from a factor
24
Q

Belmont Report

A
  • Defines right of research subjects and outlines ethical principles (Respect for persons, beneficence, justice)
25
Q

Respect for Persons

A
  • Autonomy, protect those with diminished autonomy
  • Treated as autonomous agents
  • Entitled to protection
  • Right to informed consent
26
Q

Beneficence

A
  • Do no harm
  • Maximize benefits and minimize harms
27
Q

Justice

A
  • Fairness in distribution, equals ought to be treated equally
  • 2 aspects:
    • health improvement for the population
  • fair treatment of the disadvantaged
28
Q

Jacobsen v. Massachusetts 1905

A

“Has to give up freedoms to take advantage of benefits of society”

29
Q

Distribution of health follows

A

distribution of wealth

30
Q

Epidemiological transition

A

Changing pattern of disease that has been seen in many countries as they have experienced social/economic development

31
Q

Underdeveloped countries

A
  • Communicable diseases, microbial agents
  • maternal and perinatal conditions
  • nutritional disorders
  • death in children from infection
32
Q

Developed Countries

A
  • noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes)
  • malnutrition and obesity side-by-side
33
Q

Screening

A
  • Testing individuals who are asymptomatic for a particular disease as part of a strategy to diagnose a disease or identify a risk factor
  • Aim to detect earlier to improve outcome
34
Q

4 Criteria for Screening

A
  • Disease produces substantial death and/or disability
  • Early detection is possible and improves outcome
  • There is a feasible testing strategy for screening
  • Screening is acceptable in terms of harms, costs, and patient acceptance
35
Q

Sensitivity

A

The probability of a positive test when the disease is present (People with illness, 100% true positives and 0% false negatives)

36
Q

Specificity

A

The probability of a negative test when the disease is absent (Patients without illness, 100% true negatives and 0% false positives)

37
Q

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention

A
  • simultaneous efforts to reduce more than one risk factor
  • Most effective when there are groups of risk factors that cluster in groups of people
  • Useful when two or more risk factors increases the risk more than would be expected by adding together the impact of each risk factor
38
Q

Population with individual interventions

A

Ex. Suicide
- Question: Directly asking whether an individual is thinking about suicide or wants to kill themselves.
- Persuade: Convincing an individual to get help, ideally immediately and without leaving the person with suicidal intent alone
- Refer: Personally escorting to obtain mental health care and least assisting them to make arrangements for care and obtaining their agreement to follow through

39
Q

What is the aim of Cost and Net-effectiveness

A

Decreased costs and increased effectiveness

HM 101 (6 decks)

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