Mod 4

Question 1

Protein function

Answer 1

Enzymes
Structural scaffolds
Signaling
Immune system
Transport
Buffering
Source of nitrogen

Question 2

Essential AA

Answer 2

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 3

Non essential AA

Answer 3

Alanine
Arginine
Asparagine
Aspartate
Glutamate
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Serine

Question 4

Conditionally dispensable AA

Answer 4

Cysteine (Met)
Tyrosine (Phe)

Question 5

PKU

Answer 5

Mutation in an enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine
Can’t make tyrosine
Buildup of phenylalanine and toxic byproducts/metabolites

Question 6

Transamination

Answer 6

Transfer nitrogen between amino acid backbones
Used to synthesize nonessential amino acids

Question 7

Deamination

Answer 7

Removal of amino group
Have to remove ammonia (product)

Question 8

Primary structure

Answer 8

Order of amino acids

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

Local 3D structure
Subset of amino acids in a protein

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Arrangement of local structures into a bigger structure

R group interactions

Question 11

Quaternary structure

Answer 11

Protein protein interaction

Question 12

Structure determination

Answer 12

NMR
X ray crystallography
Cryo electron microscopy

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

Dipeptide
Linked with disulfide bonds (cys)

Question 14

Hemoglobin

Answer 14

Four subunits
Heme holds oxygen, carries in blood
Globular
Sickle cell disease

Question 15

SoD1

Answer 15

Change glycine → alanine ⇒ ALS

Question 16

Unfolding due to

Answer 16

Heat
Acid
Alkali
Salt