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PMLS 2 > Mod 4 > Flashcards

Mod 4 Flashcards

1
Q

presence of microorganisms or their toxic products with the bloodstream

A

sepsis

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2
Q

Prevent or inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them

A

Antiseptics

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3
Q

Consideredsafetouseonhuman skin and are used to clean the site prior to blood collection

A

Antiseptics

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4
Q

Antiseptics Used in Blood Collection

A

› 70% ethyl alcohol
› 70% isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
› Benzalkonium chloride (e.g. Zephiran
chloride)
› Chlorhexidine gluconate
› Hydrogen peroxide
› Povidone-iodine (0.1%-1% available
iodine)
› Tincture of iodine

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5
Q

most commonly used antiseptic in routine blood collection

A

70% isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)

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6
Q

has higher degree of antisepsis; used for blood culture collection,
blood gas collection

A

Povidone-iodine

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7
Q

Chemical substances or solutions that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments

A

Disinfectants

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8
Q

Typically corrosive and are not safe to use on human skin

A

Disinfectants

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9
Q

for decontaminating nonporous surfaces after
cleaning up blood or other body fluid spills in patient-care settings

A

1:100 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

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10
Q

For spills involving large amounts of blood or other
body fluids or those that occur in the laboratory prior to cleanup

A

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

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11
Q

If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and hand-washing facilities are not available, it is recommended that hands be cleaned with

A

detergent-containing wipes followed by the use of an alcohol-based hand cleanser

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12
Q

It is a device that is applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to restrict blood flow

A

TOURNIQUET

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13
Q

sterile, disposable, and designed for a single use only.

A

Phlebotomy needles

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14
Q

• Comes in wide range of
needle lengths and
gauges
• Does not require special
training
• Can be used for blood
drawing in pediatric
population
• For patient with small or
difficult veins, blood drawing can be easier than an evacuated tube system
• If heparinized, can be used for arterial blood drawing

A

Hypodermic single-use needle and syringe

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15
Q

• Safer than using hypodermic needle and syringe
• Eliminates blood transfer
• Allows numerous blood samples to be collected through single venipuncture

A

Vacuum-tube systems
Multisample needles

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16
Q

• Good for blood drawing • from pediatric population or patient with small or difficult veins
• Allows better precision • than hypodermic needle or evacuated tube needle

A

Winged steel needles (butterfly)

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17
Q

Retractable; prevent needle-stick injuries

A

Lancet

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18
Q

indicated by a number that is related to the diameter of the
lumen.

A

Needle gauge

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19
Q

needle’s diameter and gauge relationship

A

the higher the gauge number, the smaller the actual diameter of the needle

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20
Q

Collection of donor units, autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotomy

A

15-17
Special needle attached to collection bag

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21
Q

Used primarily as a transfer needle rather than for blood collection; safety issues have diminished use

A

18
Hypodermic

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22
Q

Sometimes used when large-volume tubes are
collected or large-volume syringes are used on patients with normal-size veins

A

20
Multisample
Hypodermic

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23
Q

Considered the standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection

A

21
Multisample
Hypodermic

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24
Q

Used on older children and adult patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins

A

22
Multisample
Hypodermic

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25
Q

Used on the veins of infants and on difficult or hand veins of adults

A

23
Butterfly

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26
Q

20-gauge color

A

Yellow

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27
Q

21 gauge color

A

Green

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28
Q

22 gauge color

A

Black

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29
Q

Length of most multisample needles come in

A

1-or 1.5-inch lengths

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30
Q

come in many lengths, however, 1- and 1.5-inch ones are most commonly used for venipuncture

A

Syringe needles

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31
Q

typically1⁄2 to 3⁄4 inch long

A

Butterfly needles

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32
Q

most common and efficient system and that preferred by the CLSI for collecting blood samples

A

evacuated tube system (ETS)

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33
Q

closed system in which the patient’s blood flows through a needle inserted into a vein and then directly into a collection tube without being exposed to the air or outside contaminants

A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM

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34
Q

Three basic components of evacuated tube system

A

1) A special blood-drawing needle
2) A tube holder
3) Various types of evacuated tubes

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35
Q

Allow multiple tubes of
blood to be collected during a single venipuncture.

A

Multisample needles

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36
Q

They are threaded in the middle and have a beveled point on each end.

A

Multisample Needles

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37
Q

A clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end
(often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed.

A

Tube Holders

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38
Q

Used with both the ETS and the syringe method of obtaining blood specimens

A

BLOOD COLLECTION (EVACUATED) TUBES

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39
Q

amount of air removed and negative pressure
created

A

vacuum

40
Q

Evacuated tubes fill with blood automatically because there is a

A

Vacuum

41
Q

used for clearing or discard
purposes only

A

nonadditive plastic tubes

42
Q

Has one or more specific functions, such as preventing clotting or
preserving certain blood components

A

ADDITIVE TUBES

43
Q

Tube stoppers (tops or closures) are typically made of

A

Rubbers

44
Q

identifies a type of additive placed in the tube by the
manufacturer for a specific purpose; for some tubes, it indicates a special property of the tube

A

stopper color

45
Q

Tubes are handled properly and stored between

A

4 and 25°C.

46
Q

Light blue

A

Sodium citrate
Coagulation

47
Q

Red

A

None
Chemistry, Blood Bank, Serology/Immunology

48
Q

Red

A

Clot activator
Chemistry

49
Q

Red/light gray

A

None
NA (discard tube only)

50
Q

Clear

A
51
Q

Red/black (tiger)
Gold
Red/gold

A

Clot activator and gel separator
Chemistry

52
Q

Green/gray
Light green

A

Lithium heparin and gel separator
Chemistry

53
Q

Green

A

Lithium heparin
Sodium heparin
Ammonium heparin

Chemistry

54
Q

Lavender (purple)

A

EDTA
Hematology

55
Q

Pink

A

EDTA
Blood bank

56
Q

Gray

A

Sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate
Sodium fluoride and EDTA
Sodium fluoride

Chemistry

57
Q

Orange
Gray/yellow

A

Thrombin
Chemistry

58
Q

Royal blue

A

None
EDTA
Sodium heparin

Chemistry

59
Q

Tan

A

EDTA

60
Q

Yellow

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
Microbiology

61
Q

Yellow

A

Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
Blood Bank/Immunohematology

62
Q
  1. Liquid
  2. Spray-dried
  3. Powder forms
A

ADDITIVE FORMS

63
Q

prevents blood from clotting through chelating (or binding) or precipitating calcium so it is unavailable to the coagulation process

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

64
Q

Common anticoagulants

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Citrates, Heparin and Oxalates

65
Q

These are combined with other additives and have additional properties for special-use situations

A

SPECIAL-USE ANTICOAGULANTS

66
Q

SPECIAL-USE ANTICOAGULANTS examples

A

Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD); Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD); Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)

67
Q

Substance that prevents glycolysis

A

ANTIGLYCOLYTIC AGENTS

68
Q

breakdown or metabolism of glucose/blood sugar by blood cells

A

glycolysis

69
Q

If glycolysis is not prevented, the glucose concentration in a blood specimen decreases at a rate of

A

10 mg/dl per hour

70
Q

Antiglcolytic agent exampls

A

Sodium fluoride

71
Q

Enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens

A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

72
Q

CLOT ACTIVATORS example

A

Silica (glass) particles, Thrombin

73
Q

Inert (non-reacting) synthetic substance initially contained in or near the bottom of certain blood collection tubes

A

THIXOTROPIC GEL SEPARATOR

74
Q

Made of materials that are as free of trace element contamination as possible

A

TRACE ELEMENT-FREE TUBES

75
Q

This system consists of a sterile syringe needle called a hypodermic needle and a sterile plastic syringe with a Luer-lock tip

A

Syringe system

76
Q

a special tip that allows the needle to attach more securely than a slip tip

A

Luer-lock tip

77
Q

Come in wide range of gauges and lengths for many different uses

A

Syringe needles

78
Q

Appropriate for phlebotomy procedures: gauges and inches

A

21 to 23
1- to 1.5-inch

79
Q

Come in sterile pull-apart packages and are available in various sizes or volumes

A

SYRINGES

80
Q

Most commonly used for phlebotomy syringe

A

2,5,and10mL

81
Q

a cylinder with graduated markings in either milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cc)

A

Barrel

82
Q

a rod-like device that fits tightly into the barrel

A

Plunger

83
Q

Allows the safe transfer of blood into the tubes without using the syringe needle or
removing the tube stopper

A

SYRINGE TRANSFER DEVICE

84
Q

Also known as butterfly

A

WINGED INFUSION SET

85
Q

indispensable tool for collecting blood
from small or difficult veins such as veins and veins of elderly and pediatric patients as it allows much more flexibility and precision than a needle and syringe

A

WINGED INFUSION SET

86
Q

Commonly used butterfly needle gauge for phleb

A

23-gauge

87
Q

refers to the order in which tubes are collected during a multiple tube draw ro are filled from a syringe

A

Order of draw

88
Q

Order of draw

A
  1. Sterile tube (blood culture)
  2. Blue-top coagulation tube
  3. Serum tube with or without clot activator, with or without gel
  4. Heparin tube with or without gel plasma separator
  5. EDTA tube
  6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube
89
Q

Order of draw color

A

Sterile (yellow)
Light blue
Red
SST (yellow)
PST (light green)
Green
lavender
Gray

90
Q

Minimizes chance of microbial contamination

A

Blood cultures (sterile collections)

Yellow SPS
Sterile media bottles

91
Q

The first additive tube in the order because all other additive tubes affect coagulation tests

A

Coagulation tubes

Light blue

92
Q

Prevents contamination by additives in other tubes

A

Glass nonadditive tubes

Red

93
Q

Filled after coagulation tests because silica particles activate clotting and affect coagulation tests (carryover of silica into subsequent tubes can be overridden by anticoagulant in them)

A

Plastic clot activator tubes
Red

Serum separator tubes (SSTs)
Red and gray rubber
Gold plastic

94
Q

Heparin affects coagulation tests and
interferes in collection of serum specimens; it causes the least interference in tests other than coagulation tests

A

Plasma separator
tubes (PSTs)
Heparin tube

Green and gray rubber
Light green plastic
Green

95
Q

Responsible for more carryover problems than any other additive; elevates Na and K levels, chelates and decreases calcium and iron levels, elevates PT and PTT results

A

EDTA tubes
Lavender, pink, or purple

Plasma preparation tubes (PPTs)
Pearl top

96
Q

Sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate affect sodium and potassium levels, respectively.
Filled after hematology tubes because oxalate damages cell membranes and causes abnormal RBC morphology. Oxalate interferes in enzyme reactions

A

Oxalate/fluoride tubes
Gray

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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