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PMLS 2 > Mod 3 > Flashcards

Mod 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the primary organ of the cardiovascular system:

A

heart

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2
Q

Location of the heart

A

lies in the anterior medial area of the chest, posterior to the ribcage

pericardial cavity, mediastinum
Apex(facing left side of the body)

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3
Q

made up of 4 chambers that are separated by a medial muscular wall called

A

septum

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4
Q

Left atrium valve

A

Mitral

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5
Q

Left ventricle valve

A

Aortic

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6
Q

Right atrium valve

A

Tricuspid

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7
Q

Right ventricle valve

A

Pulmonary

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8
Q

Left atrium vessel

A

Pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Left ventricle vessel

A

Aorta

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10
Q

Right atrium vessel

A

Vena cava

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11
Q

Left ventricle vessel

A

Pulmonary artery

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12
Q

occurs as the heart beats, pumping blood through a system of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of the body.

A

cardiac cycle

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13
Q

two phases of the cardiac cycle are known as

A

systole
diastole.

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14
Q

occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.

occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out.

A

Diastole

Systole

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15
Q

responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues of the body

A

Blood

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16
Q

movement of blood from the heart to the surrounding tissues and organs, and back to the heart

A

Systemic circulation

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17
Q

Color of blood leaving the aorta and flowing through the systemic arteries

A

bright red

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18
Q

Color of the blood in systemic veins

A

dark red

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19
Q

movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart and towards the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

A

Pulmonary circulation

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20
Q

tube-like structures capable of expanding and contracting and consist of three types.

A

Blood vessel

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21
Q

Blood vessel types

A

capillaries, arteries, and veins

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22
Q

microscopic blood vessels through which materials are exchanged between blood and tissue cells

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

carry blood away from the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood (except for the pulmonary artery).

A

Arteries

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24
Q

hollow passageway)

A

lumen

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25
Q

carry deoxygenated blood (except for the pulmonary veins). They have thinner walls and area not as

A

Veins

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26
Q

› Innermost layer (towards the lumen)
› Comprised of a single layer of endothelial cells

A

Tunica intima

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27
Q

› Middle layer
› Comprised of smooth muscle
cells, elastic and connective
tissue
› The layer is much thicker in
arteries, and veins have fewer elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

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28
Q

› Outermost layer
› Also known as the tunica
adventitia surrounding tissues
› the layer is thicker in veins to
prevent collapse of the blood
vessel and provide protection
composed entirely of connective fibers and surrounded by an external elastic lamina which functions to anchor vessels with

A

Tunica externa

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29
Q

accompany arteries within the fascial sleeve, whereas the superficial veins lie for most of their course outside the fascial sleeve.

A

deep veins

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30
Q

direct continuation of the basilic
vein, crosses the axilla and becomes the subclavian vein at the outer border of the first rib

A

axillary vein

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31
Q

direct continuation of the basilic
vein, crosses the axilla and becomes the subclavian vein at the outer border of the first rib.

A

axillary vein

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32
Q

receives the brachial veins in the lower portion of the axilla and the cephalic vein in the upper portion of the axilla

A

axillary vein

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33
Q

veins selected for most elective venipuncture.

A

superficial veins of the upper limb

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34
Q

Blood to the digits is drained through

A

anastomosis of palmar and dorsal digital veins

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35
Q

vein that arises from the radial aspect of dorsal venous network

A

cephalic vein

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36
Q

most common site for venipuncture

A

antecubital area.

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37
Q

Location of antecubital area

A

at the bend of the elbow also called the antecubital fossa.

38
Q

Meaning of:
Antecubital

Fossa

A

in front of the elbow

shallow depression

39
Q

shallow depression in the arm that is anterior to (in front of) and below the bend of the elbow

A

antecubital (AC) fossa

40
Q

first choice location for venipuncture

A

AC Fossa

41
Q

basic vein arrangements

A

H- and M-shaped patterns.

42
Q

displayed by approximately 70% of the population and includes the median cubital vein, cephalic vein, and basilic vein

A

H-Shaped Antecubital Veins

43
Q

it is the preferred vein for venipuncture
in the H-shaped pattern.

Located near the center of the antecubital area

A

Median cubital vein

44
Q

often harder to palpate than the median cubital but is fairly well anchored and often the only vein that can be palpated

A

Cephalic vein

45
Q

second choice vein for
venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern.

Located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital area

A

Cephalic vein

46
Q

A large vein located on the medial aspect (inners ide) of the antecubital area

A

Basilic vein

47
Q

easy to palpate but is not as well anchored and rolls more easily

A

Basilic vein

48
Q

veins that form the M-shaped venous distribution pattern include

A

cephalic vein
median vein
median cephalic vein
median basilic vein
basilic vein

49
Q

also called the intermediate antebrachial vein

A

Median vein

50
Q

wellanchored,
tends to be less painful to puncture, and is not as close to major nerves or arteries

A

Median vein

51
Q

also called the intermediate cephalic vein

A

Median cephalic vein

52
Q

accessible
and is for the most part located away from major nerves or arteries

A

Median cephalic vein

53
Q

also called the intermediate basilic vein

A

Median basilic vein

54
Q

located near the anterior and posterior branches of the medial cutaneous nerve and the brachial artery

A

Median basilic vein

55
Q

can also be used for intravenous infusions as well as for drawing blood if the antecubital vein isn’t accessible.

A

Dorsal Metacarpal Veins

56
Q

not used for routine blood collection

A

Arteries

57
Q

requires special training to perform, is more painful and hazardous to the patient

A

Arterial puncture

58
Q

limited to the collection of arterial blood gas (ABG) specimens for the evaluation of respiratory function

A

Arterial puncture

59
Q

Blood is a connective tissue composed of a liquid extracellular matrix called blood plasma

A
60
Q

complex transport medium for nutrients

A

Blood

61
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35 – 7.45

62
Q

average adult has a total blood volume

A

5 – 6 liters

63
Q

Blood volume is composed of

A

20% of extracellular fluid and 8% of body mass

64
Q

Blood is composed of

A

plasma, and formed elements.

65
Q

clear, straw – colored fluid that is primarily made up of water, proteins and other solutes.

A

Blood plasma

66
Q

exert osmotic pressure facilitating the maintenance of water balance between blood and tissues

A

Proteins in blood

67
Q

primarily reserved for blood gas evaluation and certain emergency situations and performed only by those with special training.

A

Arterial blood composition

68
Q

affected by metabolic activity of the tissue it drains and varies by collection site.

A

Venous blood composition

69
Q

contains arterial and venous blood plus tissue fluid.

A

Capillary blood

70
Q

cells and cell fragments

A

formed elements

71
Q

watery liquid extracellular matrix that contains dissolved substances

A

blood plasma

72
Q

transport gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide) throughout the body and
maintain systemic acid/base balance

A

Erythrocytes 45%

73
Q

fraction occupied by the red blood cells to the entire blood volume is known as

A

hematocrit

74
Q

protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances

A

Leukocytes

75
Q

Phagocytosis. Destruction of bacteria with lysozyme, defensins,
and strong oxidants, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite anion.

A

Neutrophil (60-70%)

76
Q

Combat effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize
antigen– antibody complexes, and destroy certain parasitic worms.

A

Eosinophils (2-4%)

77
Q

Liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions that
intensify overall inflammatory response.

A

Basophil (0.5 – 1%)

78
Q

Mediate immune responses, including antigen–antibody reactions.

A

Lymphocytes (20–25%)

79
Q

Phagocytosis (after transforming into fixed or wandering
macrophages)

A

Monocytes (3-8%)

80
Q

cell fragments that form a clot to prevent blood from leaking out of the blood vessel

A

Platelets/thrombocytes

81
Q

Major constituent of blood.
Acts as a solvent and suspending medium.
Also functions to absorb, transport, and release heat.

A

Water (91.5%)

82
Q

Responsible for colloid osmotic pressure.
Major contributors to blood viscosity.
Transport hormones(steroid), fatty acids, and calcium.
Help regulate blood pH.

A

Plasma proteins (7%)

83
Q

Smallest and most numerous plasma proteins. Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factor in the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.

A

Albumin

84
Q

Large proteins (plasma cells produce immunoglobulins). Immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria. Alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins.

A

Globulins

85
Q

Large protein. Plays essential role in blood clotting.

A

Fibrinogen

86
Q

Inorganic salts; positively charged (cations) Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+; negatively charged (anions) Cl−, HPO42−, SO42−, HCO3−

A

Electrolytes

87
Q

Products of digestion, such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins, and minerals.

A

Nutrients

88
Q

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen (N2)

A

Gases

89
Q

Enzymes, hormones, vitamins.

A

Regulatory substances

90
Q

Urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, ammonia. Most are breakdown products of protein metabolism that are carried by the blood to organs of excretion.

A

Waste products.

91
Q

FORMED ELEMENTS COMPONENTS

A

Red blood cells (45%)
White blood cells
Platelets

92
Q

BLOOD PLASMA COMPONENTS

A

Water (91.5%)
Plasma proteins (7%)
Other solutes (1.5%)

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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