Mod 2 Flashcards
viral infection that starts in the respiratory system causes a red, blotchy rash
Measles
dengue vaccine produced by Sanofi Pasteur.
Dengvaxia
healthcare setting is the prevention of the spread of microorganisms
Infection Control
potential threat to humans and welfare
Hazard
the likelihood or probability of a hazard occurring or creating loss
Risk
minimum infection prevention practices
Standard Precautions (SP)
set of infection control work practices designed to reduce the risk of transmission
Standard Precaution
illustrates how pathogens are transmitted
chain of infection
eliminating or inactivating the agent
INFECTIOUSAGENT/PATHOGEN
treating infectious individuals, vaccination, handling and disposing of body fluids appropriately, safe food practices, monitoring water for contamination.
RESERVOIR
implementing safe practices
PORTAL OF EXIT
ensuring transmission between objects or people does not occur
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
the link by performing appropriate hand hygiene, using aseptic technique when required, applying best practice techniques with wound and catheter care, wearing appropriate PPE, eliminating invasive devices when safe to do so and providing safe food and water.
PORTAL OF ENTRY
ensuring hosts are not susceptible including measures such as immunizations, good nutrition, recognition and treatment of high risk patients
SUSCEPTIBLE HUMAN HOST
Foundation of knowledge that allows professionals to function seamlessly while reducing the risk of inflicting harm onto themselves or to others
Occupational safety
governing body founded in the United States responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of work standards in all fields, including the medical field.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
set of standards providing employees, including clinical laboratory personnel, a safe work environment. Many programs and guidelines are based on this act.
OSH Act (Occupational and Safety Act)
of the standards stemming from the OSH Act is the
in (year)
by
amended in (year)
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
1978
Department of Labor and Employment.
1989
requires employers of all establishments to provide their employees with a safe work environment
Republic Act No. 11058
implements the rules and regulations set by RA 11058.
Department Order 198-18
workplace known for many hazards, and these laws allows professional who seek to this career to be protected in their work environment.
clinical laboratory
prioritizes intervention strategies based on the premise that the best way to control a hazard
Hierarchy of Controls
types of measures that may be used to protect laboratory workers, prioritized from most to least effective are:
- Engineering controls
- Administrative controls
- Work practices
- Personal protective equipment (PPE)
are those that involve making changes to the work environment to reduce work- related hazards.
Engineering controls
they make permanent changes that reduce exposure to hazards and do not rely on worker behavior.
Engineering controls
Engineering controls example
▪ Chemical Fume Hoods
▪ Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs)
are those that modify workers’ work schedules and tasks in ways that minimize their exposure to workplace hazards.
Administrative controls
Administrative controls example
▪ Developing a Chemical Hygiene Plan
▪ Developing Standard Operating Procedures for chemical handling
are procedures for safe and proper work that are used to reduce the duration, frequency or intensity of exposure to a hazard.
Work practices
Work practices example
▪ No mouth pipetting
▪Chemical substitution where feasible (e.g., selecting a less hazardous
chemical for a specific procedure)
protective gear needed to keep workers safe while performing their jobs.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
promote development of specific antibodies that protect against infection.
Vaccinations
does not prevent exposure through mosquito bites, but does prevent infection from taking root.
prophylactic use of antimalarial drugs
OSHA Requirements for Phlebotomists
Cleanliness
Disposing of Materials
Personal Protective Equipment
Disposal of Blood
implement and sustain effective strategies in preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections.
1992
Philippine Hospital Infection Control Society (PHICS)
SARS outbreak leads to talks in developing standards in collaboration of DOH and NGO of what professional societiesafter the SARS outbreak
(PHICS, PHICNA, and PSMID)
2004
Creation of ___ for the development of the National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control
2012
National Center for Health Facility Development Technical Working Group
Sign and release of the National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control year
2016
standards used in the development of infection control procedures in healthcare facilities such as hospitals and clinics.
National Policy on Infection Prevention and Control
formulates the policies, guidelines, and procedures followed by the hospital, ensures their implementations, and ensures the availability of resources for these policies.
Infection Control Committee
responsible for disseminating necessary information and coordinates with medical, nursing, administration, and other hospital committees.
Infection Control Committee
the members of the ICC are made up of the following:
Infection Control Physician
Infection Control Nurse
Representatives from:
a. Microbiology laboratory
b. Nursing Service
c. Special and High Risk Units (such as the ER and ICU)
d. And other departments
Infection Control Committee guidelines include
I. Basic Infection Control Guidelines, Policies, and Procedures
II. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures on prevention of healthcare-associated infection
III. Infection Control guidelines and policies on Housekeeping procedures
IV. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures for Specific Patient Care areas
V. Infection Control guidelines, policies, and procedures for Hospital Auxiliary Service Departments/Units
VI. Guidelines, Policies, and Procedures on Outbreak investigation
VII. Infection Control Guidelines and Policies related to purchasing of medical equipment, drugs/medicine and supplies
VIII. Guidelines and policies on Rational Antibiotic Use in coordination with Microbiology Laboratory and Pharmacy Drugs and Therapeutic Committee
IX. Guidelines and Policies on Upholding Patient Confidentiality (Patient’s Rights)
an infection occurring in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or other healthcare facility, which was not present or incubating at the time of admission
healthcare-associated infection
infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.
Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections
infections that are often caused by improperly sterilized or unsterilized healthcare equipment.
Nosocomial infections
bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins and the cephalosporins.
MRSA
refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48-72 hours after being admitted.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), or nosocomial pneumonia
related to bloodborne transmission of diseases arising from sharps injuries from contaminated used needles.
Sharps-associated infections
one of the most effective intervention to control the transmission of infections in a hospital and education is an important tool to ensure its implementation.
HAND HYGIENE
antimicrobial agents have been developed since
Late 1980s and early 1990s
major public health threat and a global concern since the late 1990s.
antimicrobial resistance
gives organisms a distinct competitive advantage, and can be inherent or acquired.
Resistance
used as an immediate treatment to prevent the development of disease on the inflicted patient.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
highest incidence of needle stick transmission.
Hepatitis B
