Mod 3- The ph of rizal's times Flashcards by Ivan Gaddi

Problems encountered by filos under spanish gov:

instability of colonial Admin
Corrupt colonial Officials
Philippine representation in Spanish cortes
Human rights to filipinos
No equality before the law
Maladmin of justice
Racial Discrimination
Frailocracy
Forced labor
Haciendas owned by friars
Guardia civil

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The turbulent reign of WHO marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain

King Ferdinand VII (1808-0833)

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What year/s was the Philippines was
ruled by 50 governors-general, each
serving an average term of only one
year and three months?

1835-1897

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A boastful gov who ordered the execution of GOMBURZA

General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73)

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Moro fighter but weak in administration

Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77)

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Governor general who accepts bribes from gambling casinos in mnl

Genera; Fernando Primo de RIvera (1880-83 & 1897-98)

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cruel and corrupt governor general of hispanic german ancestry

General valriano Weyler (1888-91)

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able militarist but heartless gov; responsible for execution of rizal

General Camilo de polavieja (1896-97)

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was granted representation by spain to win the support of the pverseas colonies during the napoleonic invasion

Cortes

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Ph’s first period of representation in the cortes

1810-1813

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Spain’s first democratic constitution ; extended to the ph

Constitution of 1812

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First Philippine delegate who took active part in
framing of the Constitution of 1812 (one of the
184 signers).

Ventura de los Reyes (1810-1813)

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the Philippine’s second period of

representation

1820-1823 —

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the Philippine’s third period of

representation.

1834-1837

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One of the Filipino patriots who valiantly
pleaded for the restoration of the Philippine
representation in the Cortes

• Graciano Lopez Jaena

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during the 391st
anniversary of the discovery of America by
Columbus in Madrid, he implored: “We want
representation in the legislative chambers that
our aspirations may be known to the mother
country and its government.”

Oct 12, 1883; Graciano Lopez Jaena

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Granted representation in 1876.
- Until the end of the Spanish rule in 1898, the
Philippine representation was never restored.

Cuba and Puerto Rico

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Launched by Jose Rizal, M.H. delPilar,
Graciano Lopez Haena, and other patriots.
- Paved the way for the Philippine Revolution of
1896.

Propaganda Movement

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Spanish Constitution of 1812, the people of

Spain enjoyed:

✓Freedom of Speech
✓Freedom of Press
✓Freedom of Association
✓Other human rights (except freedom of
religion)

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Spanish economist and diplomat.

- Acknowledge the lack of freedom of Filipinos.

Sinibaldo de Mas

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“Why fo we fall into an anomaly, such as
combining our claim for liberty for ourselves,
and wish to impose our law to remote peoples?
Why do we deny we others the benefit which
we desire for our fatherland?”
was said by?

Sinibaldo de Mas

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Spanish missionaries taught all are children of
God regardless of color & race.
Most Filipinos are mesmerized by the concept =
Christians.
Luzon and Visayas hinterlands, Mindanao, Sulu

16th century

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Emphasized during last decades of Hispanic
rule.
- Brown skin - inferior, different, not brothers.
- Not protected but exploited.

Actions of Spanish Christian Authorities ≠

Christ’s Commandment of Brotherhood

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Filipinos and Spaniards may be equal before

God, but not in law and in practice.

• Imperialist Way of Thinking

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Promoted by Christian monarchs of Spain. - Protection rights and promotion of welfare; natives in Spain’s overseas colonies. - Good colonial laws; Christian charity and justice ≠ distant colonies; Philippines. - Abused, brutalized, persecuted, and slandered. - Law is only for Spaniards.

• Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indies)

Enforced in the Philippines. - Heavier penalties for Filipinos or mestizos ≠ white-complexioned Spaniards. - Legal inequality resented by Filipinos.

• Spanish Penal Code

- “The provision of the Penal Code that a heavier penalty will be imposed on the Indio or mestizo irritates me exceedingly, because it signifies that every person not..." was said by

✓ Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt to | Dr. Rizal; (1887)

- Is the actions of a government body which can be seen as causing an injustice. The definition of maladministration is wide and can include: delay, incorrect action or failure.

Maladministration

“It was hard to get judgement executed as it was to win the case. Even when the question at issue was supposed to be settled, a defect in the sentence could always be concocted to reopen the whole affair, if the case had been tired and judgement given under the Civil Code, a way was found to convert it into a Criminal Code, a flaw could be discovered under the Laws of the Indies, or the Siete Partidas, or the Roman Law or the Novisima Recopilacion, or the Antiguos Fueros, Decrees, Royal Orders, Ordenanzas del Buen Gobierno, and so forth, by which the case could be reopened.” was said by

John Foreman

— Suspected that he killed two men without preliminary investigation and proper trail. That’s why he was arrested and jailed in Cavite for 12 year

Juan de la Cruz

When did de la cruz been Suspected that he killed two men without preliminary investigation and proper trail. That’s why he was arrested and jailed in Cavite for 12 year.

- June 7, 1886

— After the Battle of Manila | Bay, the Americans fund him on his jail. When?

May 1, 1898

Rizal’s Mother was unjustly arrested and jailed | on flimsy grounds.

Doña Teodora

when was rizal was deported to Dapitan | without trial.

July 1892

- Exiled to different places without due process of | the law.

• Paciano and Rizal’s several brothers-in-law

- Introduced Christianity into the Philippines with its beautiful egalitarian concept of brotherhood of all men under God the Father. - Propagated Christian faith, but seldom practiced its sublime tenets. - Regarded Filipinos as inferior beings who were infinitely underserving of the right and privileges.

Spaniards

- A white skin, high nose were and Castilian | lineage were a badge of a vaunted superiority.

Rizal's Time

Term used by Spaniards to call brown-skinned | and flat-nosed Filipinos.

Indio (Indians)

Bewailed the Spanish misconception that a man’s merit depended on the pigment of his skin, height of his nose, the color of his hair, and the shape of his skull; and complained of the lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and country

Jose P. Burgos

“Why for instance shall a young man strive to rise in profession of law or of theology, when he can vision no future for himself save that of obscurity and jaunty unconcern? What Filipino will aspire to the seats of the wise and will devote sleepless nights to such an ideal, when he clearly sees that his noblest feelings are crushed down in the unwelcome atmosphere of contumely and oblivion, and when he knows that among the privileged few are only dispensed sinecures of honor and profit.” was said by?

Jose P. Burgos

Owning to the Spanish political philosophy of union of Church and State, there arose a unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines called “frailocracy” (frailocracia), so named because it was a “government by friars”

Frailocracy

They were Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans. - Controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines. - 19th Century they came to acquire tremendous political power, influence, and riches. - Ruled the Philippines through a facade of civil government

Friars

Almost every town in the archipelago, except in unspecified Islamic Mindanao and Sulu and in the Pagan Hinterlands, was ruled by?

Friar Curate

reformists who assailed frailocracy, blaming it for the prevailing policy of obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression in the country

Jose Rizal, M. H. del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena,

what age of male filipinos were required to give their free labor?

18-60

free labor requirement during spanish regime by filipino males

Polo

It was in various forms, such as building roads and bridges, constructing public buildings and churches, cutting timber in the forest, working in shipyards, and serving the Spanish military expeditions.

40-15 days

- This labor was for 40 days a year, reduced to | 15 days in?

1885

- One who rendered forced labor

Polista

➡ The members of what town were exempt from the polo?

principalia ( town of aristocracy)

The Filipinos came to hate the Forced Labor | because:

White Spanish residents contrary to law, were not recruited by the colonial authorities. - Filipino polistas according to law, were to receive a daily stipend of two pesetas (50 centavos) but actually received only a part of this amount and worse, they got nothing. - It caused so much inconvenience and suffering to the people because of their distributed work in farms and shops.

- Spanish friars belonging to different religious orders were the richest Landlords. - Rural folks who had been living in these haciendas and cultivating them became tenants. - Lands belonged to their ancestors since preSpanish times.

Haciendas Owned by the Friars

The friars were recognized as…

Legal owners of the lands. - They obtained the royal titles of ownership from the Spanish crown. - The friar haciendas became hotbeds of agrarian revolts. - Filipino tenants regarded the friar owners as usurpers of their ancestral lands. - One of these bloody agrarian revolts. -Agrarian upheaval (1745-1746)

He Realized the danger of the friar-owned haciendas to Filipino-Spanish relations. - Strongly recommended to the Madrid government the sale of the friar estates.

Governor Anda

Family and relatives were tenants of the | Dominican Estate of Calamba

Jose Rizal

Rizal tried to initiate agrarian reforms in?

1887

The friar ownership of the productive lands contributed to the economic stagnation of the Philippines during the Spanish period. according to?

Rizal

Famous essay of rizal

- “Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos” | (Indolence of the Filipinos);

In sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos, he? wrote“The fact that the best plantations, the best tracts of land in some provinces… are in the hands of the religious corporations… is one of the reasons why many towns do not progress inspire of the efforts of their inhabitants.”

Rizal

“For some time the friars have deceived many by making them believe that if these plantations were prospering, it was because they were under the natives was thus emphasized.” according to rizal in his famous essay called?

Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos

Created by the Royal Decree

The guardia civil

Royal decree created by the guardia civil

RD FEB 12 1882 amended by the RD MAR 24, 1888

The character that Rizal used to expose the wrong doings of the Guardia Civil in the Philippines.

Elias