Mod 3- The ph of rizal's times Flashcards
Problems encountered by filos under spanish gov:
- instability of colonial Admin
- Corrupt colonial Officials
- Philippine representation in Spanish cortes
- Human rights to filipinos
- No equality before the law
- Maladmin of justice
- Racial Discrimination
- Frailocracy
- Forced labor
- Haciendas owned by friars
- Guardia civil
The turbulent reign of WHO marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain
King Ferdinand VII (1808-0833)
What year/s was the Philippines was
ruled by 50 governors-general, each
serving an average term of only one
year and three months?
1835-1897
A boastful gov who ordered the execution of GOMBURZA
General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73)
Moro fighter but weak in administration
Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77)
Governor general who accepts bribes from gambling casinos in mnl
Genera; Fernando Primo de RIvera (1880-83 & 1897-98)
cruel and corrupt governor general of hispanic german ancestry
General valriano Weyler (1888-91)
able militarist but heartless gov; responsible for execution of rizal
General Camilo de polavieja (1896-97)
was granted representation by spain to win the support of the pverseas colonies during the napoleonic invasion
Cortes
Ph’s first period of representation in the cortes
1810-1813
Spain’s first democratic constitution ; extended to the ph
Constitution of 1812
First Philippine delegate who took active part in
framing of the Constitution of 1812 (one of the
184 signers).
Ventura de los Reyes (1810-1813)
the Philippine’s second period of
representation
- 1820-1823 —
the Philippine’s third period of
representation.
1834-1837
- One of the Filipino patriots who valiantly
pleaded for the restoration of the Philippine
representation in the Cortes
• Graciano Lopez Jaena
during the 391st
anniversary of the discovery of America by
Columbus in Madrid, he implored: “We want
representation in the legislative chambers that
our aspirations may be known to the mother
country and its government.”
Oct 12, 1883; Graciano Lopez Jaena
Granted representation in 1876.
- Until the end of the Spanish rule in 1898, the
Philippine representation was never restored.
Cuba and Puerto Rico
Launched by Jose Rizal, M.H. delPilar,
Graciano Lopez Haena, and other patriots.
- Paved the way for the Philippine Revolution of
1896.
Propaganda Movement
Spanish Constitution of 1812, the people of
Spain enjoyed:
✓Freedom of Speech ✓Freedom of Press ✓Freedom of Association ✓Other human rights (except freedom of religion)
- Spanish economist and diplomat.
- Acknowledge the lack of freedom of Filipinos.
Sinibaldo de Mas
“Why fo we fall into an anomaly, such as
combining our claim for liberty for ourselves,
and wish to impose our law to remote peoples?
Why do we deny we others the benefit which
we desire for our fatherland?”
was said by?
Sinibaldo de Mas
- Spanish missionaries taught all are children of
God regardless of color & race. - Most Filipinos are mesmerized by the concept =
Christians. - Luzon and Visayas hinterlands, Mindanao, Sulu
16th century
Emphasized during last decades of Hispanic
rule.
- Brown skin - inferior, different, not brothers.
- Not protected but exploited.
Actions of Spanish Christian Authorities ≠
Christ’s Commandment of Brotherhood
Filipinos and Spaniards may be equal before
God, but not in law and in practice.
• Imperialist Way of Thinking
Promoted by Christian monarchs of Spain.
- Protection rights and promotion of welfare;
natives in Spain’s overseas colonies.
- Good colonial laws; Christian charity and
justice ≠ distant colonies; Philippines.
- Abused, brutalized, persecuted, and slandered.
- Law is only for Spaniards.
• Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indies)
Enforced in the Philippines.
- Heavier penalties for Filipinos or mestizos ≠
white-complexioned Spaniards.
- Legal inequality resented by Filipinos.
• Spanish Penal Code
- “The provision of the Penal Code that a
heavier penalty will be imposed on the
Indio or mestizo irritates me exceedingly,
because it signifies that every person not…” was said by
✓ Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt to
Dr. Rizal; (1887)
- Is the actions of a government body which can
be seen as causing an injustice. The definition of
maladministration is wide and can include:
delay, incorrect action or failure.
Maladministration
“It was hard to get judgement executed as it was
to win the case. Even when the question at issue
was supposed to be settled, a defect in the
sentence could always be concocted to reopen the
whole affair, if the case had been tired and
judgement given under the Civil Code, a way was
found to convert it into a Criminal Code, a flaw
could be discovered under the Laws of the Indies,
or the Siete Partidas, or the Roman Law or the
Novisima Recopilacion, or the Antiguos Fueros,
Decrees, Royal Orders, Ordenanzas del Buen
Gobierno, and so forth, by which the case could
be reopened.” was said by
John Foreman
— Suspected that he killed two
men without preliminary investigation and
proper trail. That’s why he was arrested and
jailed in Cavite for 12 year
Juan de la Cruz
When did de la cruz been Suspected that he killed two
men without preliminary investigation and
proper trail. That’s why he was arrested and
jailed in Cavite for 12 year.
- June 7, 1886
— After the Battle of Manila
Bay, the Americans fund him on his jail. When?
May 1, 1898
Rizal’s Mother was unjustly arrested and jailed
on flimsy grounds.
Doña Teodora
when was rizal was deported to Dapitan
without trial.
July 1892
- Exiled to different places without due process of
the law.
• Paciano and Rizal’s several brothers-in-law
- Introduced Christianity into the Philippines with
its beautiful egalitarian concept of brotherhood
of all men under God the Father. - Propagated Christian faith, but seldom practiced
its sublime tenets. - Regarded Filipinos as inferior beings who were
infinitely underserving of the right and
privileges.
Spaniards
- A white skin, high nose were and Castilian
lineage were a badge of a vaunted superiority.
Rizal’s Time
Term used by Spaniards to call brown-skinned
and flat-nosed Filipinos.
Indio (Indians)
Bewailed the Spanish misconception that a
man’s merit depended on the pigment of his
skin, height of his nose, the color of his hair,
and the shape of his skull; and complained of
the lack of opportunities for educated young
Filipinos to rise in the service of God and
country
Jose P. Burgos
“Why for instance shall a young man strive to
rise in profession of law or of theology, when he
can vision no future for himself save that of
obscurity and jaunty unconcern? What Filipino
will aspire to the seats of the wise and will
devote sleepless nights to such an ideal, when
he clearly sees that his noblest feelings are
crushed down in the unwelcome atmosphere of
contumely and oblivion, and when he knows
that among the privileged few are only
dispensed sinecures of honor and profit.” was said by?
Jose P. Burgos
Owning to the Spanish political philosophy of
union of Church and State, there arose a unique
form of government in Hispanic Philippines
called “frailocracy” (frailocracia), so named
because it was a “government by friars”
Frailocracy
They were Augustinians, Dominicans, and
Franciscans.
- Controlled the religious and educational life of
the Philippines.
- 19th Century they came to acquire tremendous
political power, influence, and riches.
- Ruled the Philippines through a facade of civil
government
Friars
Almost every town in the archipelago, except
in unspecified Islamic Mindanao and Sulu and
in the Pagan Hinterlands, was ruled by?
Friar Curate
reformists who assailed
frailocracy, blaming it for the prevailing
policy of obscurantism, fanaticism, and
oppression in the country
Jose Rizal,
M. H. del Pilar,
G. Lopez Jaena,
what age of male filipinos were required to give their free labor?
18-60
free labor requirement during spanish regime by filipino males
Polo
It was in various forms, such as building roads
and bridges, constructing public buildings and
churches, cutting timber in the forest, working
in shipyards, and serving the Spanish military
expeditions.
40-15 days
- This labor was for 40 days a year, reduced to
15 days in?
1885
- One who rendered forced labor
Polista
➡ The members of what town were exempt from the polo?
principalia ( town of aristocracy)
The Filipinos came to hate the Forced Labor
because:
White Spanish residents contrary to law, were
not recruited by the colonial authorities.
- Filipino polistas according to law, were to
receive a daily stipend of two pesetas (50
centavos) but actually received only a part of
this amount and worse, they got nothing.
- It caused so much inconvenience and suffering
to the people because of their distributed work
in farms and shops.
- Spanish friars belonging to different religious
orders were the richest Landlords. - Rural folks who had been living in these
haciendas and cultivating them became tenants. - Lands belonged to their ancestors since preSpanish times.
Haciendas Owned by the Friars
The friars were recognized as…
Legal owners of the lands.
- They obtained the royal titles of ownership from
the Spanish crown.
- The friar haciendas became hotbeds of agrarian
revolts.
- Filipino tenants regarded the friar owners as
usurpers of their ancestral lands.
- One of these bloody agrarian revolts.
-Agrarian upheaval (1745-1746)
He Realized the danger of the friar-owned
haciendas to Filipino-Spanish relations.
- Strongly recommended to the Madrid
government the sale of the friar estates.
Governor Anda
Family and relatives were tenants of the
Dominican Estate of Calamba
Jose Rizal
Rizal tried to initiate agrarian reforms in?
1887
The friar ownership of the productive lands
contributed to the economic stagnation of the
Philippines during the Spanish period. according to?
Rizal
Famous essay of rizal
- “Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos”
(Indolence of the Filipinos);
In sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos, he? wrote“The fact that the best plantations, the best tracts
of land in some provinces… are in the hands of
the religious corporations… is one of the
reasons why many towns do not progress inspire
of the efforts of their inhabitants.”
Rizal
“For some time the friars have deceived many by
making them believe that if these plantations
were prospering, it was because they were under
the natives was thus emphasized.” according to rizal in his famous essay called?
Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos
Created by the Royal Decree
The guardia civil
Royal decree created by the guardia civil
RD FEB 12 1882 amended by the RD MAR 24, 1888
The character that Rizal used to expose the
wrong doings of the Guardia Civil in the
Philippines.
Elias
